Abstract
Mechanically weak zones which may not visible from the surface and which may occur e.g. due to landslides can be detected and characterized by the newly developed Pressure Probe (Pre-P) method. On a high bank at Dunaszekcső, Hungary, the fracture system of the loess landslide area was investigated by large resolution applying this method and proved that: (1) cracks as small as 2–3 cm wide are detectable; (2) The fractures follow each other almost periodically; (3) On the side of the fractures towards the slump there are less fractured zones whose width correlates with the width of the given fracture. We also demonstrated that on the passive side of the clearly visible fracture: (1) There are also fractures along which future rock displacement is expected; (2) These fractures are at least as wide as the active side fractures; (3) The blocks there are about twice as wide as those on the active side. A block several meters wide is expected to fall before the main mass movement. The Pre-P method seems to be the most powerful tool to map the fracture system of such landslides because of its speed, simplicity of application, cost and interpretation. The Pre-P profiles and maps of the fracture system of a landslide enable to understand landslide evolution and delineate endangered areas earlier than by other methods.
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Appendix: The Measuring Device
Appendix: The Measuring Device
The principle of the Pre-P method using a manual pressure probe is simple: When the probe is dropped from the same height, its penetration depth depends on mechanical resistance of the rock. The probe consists of two parts: the T-shaped metal rod (1 in Fig. 4) and the discs superimposed on it (2 and 3 in Fig. 4) to increase its weight. There is a depth scale on the rod. The ideal drop height is 1 m, which is convenient for most people. However, if necessary, it is possible to drop the probe from a larger height to get reasonable results in more compact rocks. In such cases, increasing the weight of the probe or using a penetrometer might be simpler. For technical details of the probe see Table 1.
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Szalai, S., Wesztergom, V., Szokoli, K. (2017). Delineation of Endangered Areas in a Slowly Moving Landslide by the Pressure Probe Method. In: Mikos, M., Tiwari, B., Yin, Y., Sassa, K. (eds) Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides. WLF 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53498-5_82
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53498-5_82
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