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The Path from Helping One to Helping the Group and Beyond

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Intergroup Helping

Abstract

This chapter presents two lines of research about two motives that may lead people to helping a group other than one’s own. First, our research on the one-among-others effect posits that inducing empathic concern for a victim who is presented along with other individuals in need may enhance the willingness to increase the welfare of others (i.e. generalised altruism). Second, our research on the world-change orientation posits the existence of a social motive, quixoteism, with the ultimate goal of increasing the welfare of the world. The proximal processes that may elicit these motives, and their influence on the decision and maintenance of intergroup helping contexts, are discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We intentionally named this process “Quixoteism ” in order to differentiate it from the label “Quixotism,” which is typically used in the analysis of the literary character of Don Quixote and associated with the definitions of “unrealistic idealism” or “impracticality in the pursuit of ideals.” In contrast, quixoteism refers to a psychosocial prosocial motive. This motive, and the rationale for labelling it “quixoteism,” is explained in detail within the text, below.

  2. 2.

    In the research concerning the one-among-others effect, the target of empathy is always an identified individual (e.g. Guddi, Pablo); therefore, in line with the identifiable victim effect, we expect participants to feel empathic concern regardless of whether him or her is presented alone or as one-among-others.

  3. 3.

    In the same vein, Batson and collaborators measure and manipulate the proposed antecedents of altruism (i.e. perception of need, intrinsic valuing of the other’s welfare, and empathic concern), but not the motive itself (for a review, see Batson, 2011).

  4. 4.

    For example, by the end of 2011, Turkey had spent up to $15 million to set up six camps for thousands of refugees. Turkish officials insist to the media that the Syrians are “guests” and not “refugees”. Regarding the perception of the helpee, this initiative could be described as mainly focusing on specific groups or the whole collective. Regarding the situation, this outgroup would be perceived as being of low status with relatively compatible goals, their need is clear and the helping is relatively distant and costly. Regarding the probable motives of the helper, these would mainly be to demonstrate dominance and a competent and warm image of their own group. It is important to note that the purpose of this assessment would not be to value each individual initiative, but to frame it within a general perspective to cover as many possibilities as possible.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Sergio Salgado for his thoughtful comments on a previous draft. This work has received financial support from a Spanish Education Ministry grant (PSI2014–53321-P) awarded to the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Despacho 408, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Luis Oceja

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA

    Eric Stocks

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Correspondence to Luis Oceja .

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  1. Department of Social and Organisational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Esther van Leeuwen

  2. Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

    Hanna Zagefka

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Oceja, L., Stocks, E. (2017). The Path from Helping One to Helping the Group and Beyond. In: van Leeuwen, E., Zagefka, H. (eds) Intergroup Helping. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53026-0_9

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