Abstract
Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal fistulous connection extending between the bladder and the vagina that allows the continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault (Fig. 30.1). It is the most common acquired fistula of the urinary tract, and has been known since ancient times. In addition to the medical sequelae from these fistulas, they often have a profound effect on the patient’s emotional well-being.
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Shah, S. (2018). Difficulties in Laparoscopic Management of Vesicovaginal Fistula. In: Al-Kandari, A., Ganpule, A., Azhar, R., Gill, I. (eds) Difficult Conditions in Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52581-5_30
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52581-5_30
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