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Afferent Coding and Efferent Control in the Normal and Impaired Cochlea

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Understanding the Cochlea

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 62))

Abstract

The auditory nerve is the neural transmission channel linking the cochlea and brainstem. After spectral decomposition of acoustic signals along the basilar membrane, afferent fibers convey information to the cochlear nucleus with astounding temporal precision, whereas efferent fibers form part of a negative-feedback control circuit thought to modulate the gain of cochlear signal transduction. Single-fiber spike-based neurophysiological recording in the auditory nerve continues to offer invaluable insights on cochlear mechanics and peripheral neural coding of sounds. Much has been learned over the past two decades regarding the effects of cochlear damage on coding and the relationship between neurophysiological and perceptual phenomena in audition. Here, a conceptual review of auditory nerve physiology in normal and impaired hearing is presented, including both afferent and efferent functions. Important historical foundations are covered as well as the most recent and exciting developments. The aim is to link neurophysiological findings with their perceptual counterparts wherever possible and to provide the reader a framework in which to understand the neural underpinnings of the everyday perceptual difficulties faced by hearing-impaired listeners.

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Acknowledgements

Preparation of this chapter was partially supported by a grant from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01-DC009838). Mark Sayles was supported by a UK-US Fulbright Scholarship from Action on Hearing Loss and a postdoctoral fellowship from the Research Foundation, Flanders, Belgium.

Compliance with Ethics Requirements Mark Sayles declares that he has no conflict of interest. Michael G. Heinz declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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  1. Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, Campus Gasthuisberg – O&N II, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 201, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Mark Sayles

  2. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Mark Sayles & Michael G. Heinz

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  1. Mark Sayles
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Correspondence to Michael G. Heinz .

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  1. Cochlear and Auditory Brainstem Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Research Centre Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

    Geoffrey A. Manley

  2. Section of Physiological Acoustics and Communication, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Anthony W. Gummer

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Sayles, M., Heinz, M.G. (2017). Afferent Coding and Efferent Control in the Normal and Impaired Cochlea. In: Manley, G., Gummer, A., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Understanding the Cochlea. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 62. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52073-5_8

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