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Environmental Enrichment Repairs Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Hippocampus

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Neurobiological and Psychological Aspects of Brain Recovery

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

Abstract

In the developing brain, gene-environment interactions shape structure and function in response to experience. In mammals, brain development has been programmed to reach complete maturation after birth to take maximum advantage of appropriate stimulations. In this context, an enriched environment is the best incentive for activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. The present chapter provides an appraisal of seminal and most recent evidences that environmental enrichment (EE) stimulates the endogenous potential of hippocampus for plasticity and repair. After discussing structural and functional changes induced by EE, we examined the evidence in support to the role of EE as a trigger for intrinsic resilience mechanisms that preserve synaptic integrity in distinct hippocampal neuronal population against aging and neurodegeneration. Finally, according to the potential of EE to boost proliferation and survival of neuronal and glial cells, we explored the hypothesis that the strict temporal organization of critical periods can be challenged by appropriate EE protocols, providing support for sustainable therapeutic interventions on neurological diseases characterized by permanent loss of function.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) 2011 (prot. 2010AHHP5H) (to P.C.), Fondazione Cariplo, grant n° 2014-0660 (to P.C.) and Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, FIRB Call - Program “Futuro in Ricerca” - Project nr RBFR13S4LE_002 (to V.G.), and from the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata and Giovani Ricercatori (GR-2010-2316671 to V.G. and RF-2013-02356215 to P.C.).

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  1. Department of Philosophy, Human, Social and Educational Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Veronica Ghiglieri

  2. Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Veronica Ghiglieri & Paolo Calabresi

  3. Clinica Neurologica, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Paolo Calabresi

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  1. Veronica Ghiglieri
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    Laura Petrosini

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Ghiglieri, V., Calabresi, P. (2017). Environmental Enrichment Repairs Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Hippocampus. In: Petrosini, L. (eds) Neurobiological and Psychological Aspects of Brain Recovery. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52067-4_3

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