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An Overview of Tuberculosis: What You Need to Know

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Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infective disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it can affect any organs, usually the lungs. In the past two decades, global strategies for TB control have been recommended for acceptance and adaptation in all countries. The phenomenon of multidrug resistant-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) disease forms has led to the introduction of new measures in the treatment of TB, for example, the directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) strategy, by the World Health Organization. Because of the increase in the prevalence of TB and MDR-TB and its close association with AIDS, the most important aspect of treatment was the introduction and the routine use of new technologies for the quick detection of resistant strains and the development of special diagnostic algorithms. The new post-2015 Global TB Strategy, approved by the 67th World Health Assembly in May 2014, aims at “ending the global TB epidemic” by 2035. This implies a reduction of mortality for 95% by decreasing incidence for 90% and (<10 TB cases/100,000 population) to 2035 in comparison with 2015, and the decrease of any “catastrophic cost” for families affected with TB. Early discovery, patient motivation to comply with treatment, and the application of the DOTS strategy are crucial for preserving the efficacy of anti-TB therapy and disease control. Despite these all measures, however, TB is still one of the world’s biggest health problems.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

BAL:

Bronchoalveolar lavage

CNS:

Central nervous system

CXR:

Chest X-ray

DOTS:

Directly observed therapy short course

DST:

Drug susceptibility testing

EMB:

Ethambutol

FDC:

Fixed drug combination

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

ICD:

International Classification of Diseases

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

INH:

Isoniazid

LJ:

Löwenstein Jensen

MDG:

Millenium Development Goals

MDR-TB:

Multidrug resistant-tuberculosis

MGIT:

Mycobacterial growth inhibitor tubes

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RIF:

Rifampicin

RR-TB:

Rifampicin resistant-tuberculosis

STAG-TB:

The Strategy Technical Advisory Group Tuberculosis

STR:

Streptomycin

TB:

Tuberculosis

TBB:

Transbronchial biopsy

TDR-TB:

Total drug resistant-tuberculosis

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

VR:

Vital registration

WHA:

World Health Assembly

WHO:

World Health Organization

XDR-TB:

Extensively drug resistant-tuberculosis

ZN:

Ziehl-Neelsen

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Lung Diseases, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Kristina Galic MD

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  1. Kristina Galic MD
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Correspondence to Kristina Galic MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey

    Mehmet Turgut

  2. Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avicenne Military Hospital of Marrakech, Rabat, Morocco

    Ali Akhaddar

  3. Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Ahmet T. Turgut

  4. King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ravindra K. Garg

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Galic, K. (2017). An Overview of Tuberculosis: What You Need to Know. In: Turgut, M., Akhaddar, A., Turgut, A., Garg, R. (eds) Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50712-5_38

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50712-5_38

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50712-5

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