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Spinal Cord

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Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System

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Abstract

Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is one of the presentations of TB involving the nervous system. This chapter is focused on various presentations, diagnosis and management of spinal cord TB, which has various forms like compressive myelopathy, non-compressive tubercular myeloradiculitis, intramedullary tuberculoma/abscess, cord atrophy and post-TB syringomyelia. Pott’s spine is the most common form followed by intradural extramedullary tuberculoma/abscess and arachnoiditis. Direct involvement of spinal cord parenchyma is rare but an important entity. Its clinical presentation is somewhat similar to intramedullary spinal cord tumour, but when diagnosed in time and managed accordingly, outcomes are much better. In this chapter, special issues such as role of magnetic resonance imaging in differential diagnosis and its characteristic findings are addressed. Medical management and need of surgical intervention for specific conditions are discussed in details with a view of creating a concept for the management of spinal cord TB.

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Abbreviations

Anti-TB:

Antitubercular therapy

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CT:

Computed tomography

CUSA:

Cavitron ultrasonic aspirator

ESR:

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

ETB:

Ethambutol

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

INH:

Isoniazid

MF:

Moxifloxacin

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

RIF:

Rifampicin

SEPs:

Sensory evoked potentials

STR:

Streptomycin

TB:

Tuberculosis

TBM:

Tubercular meningitis

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, UP, India

    Manish Jaiswal MS, MCh

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  1. Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey

    Mehmet Turgut

  2. Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avicenne Military Hospital of Marrakech, Rabat, Morocco

    Ali Akhaddar

  3. Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Ahmet T. Turgut

  4. King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ravindra K. Garg

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Jaiswal, M. (2017). Spinal Cord. In: Turgut, M., Akhaddar, A., Turgut, A., Garg, R. (eds) Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50712-5_18

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