Abstract
This chapter comes up with a brief overview of molecular communication models and modulation techniques by reviewing current research works found in the literature. The chapter also provides with an analysis of molecular communication in free diffusion-based molecular communication channel. In this model, the trasmitter nanomachine releases messenger molecules, the molecules diffuse through the channel, and the receiver nanomachine counts the received molecules to decode the information. We consider free diffusion of molecules where no additional force is required. Such a channel is referred to as the diffusion channel and can be modeled by using Ficks law of diffusion. Diffusion coefficient describes the tendency of propagation of the messenger molecules through the medium. Analysis shows that, channel memory offers a significant impact on performance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Freitas RA (1999) Nanomedicine, vol 1: Basic capabilities. Landes Bioscience Georgetown, TX (1999)
Nakano T, Moore MJ, Wei F, Vasilakos AV, Shuai J (2012) Molecular communication and networking: opportunities and challenges. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci 11:135–148
Akyildiz IF, Brunetti F, Blázquez C (2008) Nanonetworks: a new communication paradigm. Comput. Netw. 52:2260–2279
Sawai H (2011) Biological functions for information and communication technologies: theory and inspiration. Springer
Moore MJ, Suda T, Oiwa K (2009) Molecular communication: modeling noise effects on information rate. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci 8:169–180
Kuran M, Yilmaz HB, Tugcu T, Akyildiz IF (2011) Modulation techniques for communication via diffusion in nanonetworks. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp 1–5
Kim NR, Chae CB (2013) Novel modulation techniques using isomers as messenger molecules for nano communication networks via diffusion. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 31:847–856
Kadloor S, Adve R (2009) A framework to study the molecular communication system. In: Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Computer Communication Networks, pp 1–6
ShahMohammadian H, Messier GG, Magierowski S (2012) Optimum receiver for molecule shift keying modulation in diffusion-based molecular communication channels. Nano Commun Netw 3:183–195
Tyrrell H, Harris K (1984) Diffusion in liquids: a theoretical and experimental study. Butterworth-Heinemann
Kuran M, Yilmaz HB, Tugcu T, Zerman B (2010) Energy model for communication via diffusion in nanonetworks. Nano Commun Netw 1:86–95
Redner S (2001) A guide to first-passage processes. Cambridge University Press
Srinivas KV, Eckford AW, Adve RS (2012) Molecular communication in fluid media: the additive inverse Gaussian noise channel. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 58:4678–4692
Khormuji MN (2011) On the capacity of molecular communication over the AIGN channel. In: 2011 45th annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), pp 1–4
Miorandi D (2011) A stochastic model for molecular communications. Nano Commun Netw 2:205–212
Einolghozati A, Sardari M, Beirami A, Fekri F (2011) Capacity of discrete molecular diffusion channels. In: 2011 IEEE international symposium on Information Theory Proceedings (ISIT), pp 723–727
Berg HC (1993) Random walks in biology. Princeton University Press
De Kievit TR, Iglewski BH (2000) Bacterial quorumsensing in pathogenic relationships. Infecti Immun 68:4839–4849
Eckford AW (2007) Nanoscale communication with brownian motion. In: Proceedings of 41st annual conference on information sciences and systems, pp 160–165
Eckford AW (2007) Achievable information rates for molecular communication with distinct molecules. In: Proceedings of workshop computer communications from biological systems: theory and applications, pp 313–315
Okaie Y, Nakano T (2012) Nanomachine placement strategies for detecting Brownian molecules in nanonetworks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communication Networking Conference (WCNC), pp 1755–1759
Eckford AW, Farsad N, Hiyama S, Moritani Y (2010) Microchannel molecular communication with nanoscale carriers: Brownian motion versus active transport. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on nanotechnologies, pp 854–858
Eckford AW (2009) Timing information rates for active transport molecular communication. In: Nano-Networks, pp 24–28
Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Watson JD (1994) Molecular biology of the cell (1994) Garland. New York, pp 139–194
Nakano T, Suda T, Koujin T, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y (2007) Molecular communication through gap junction channels: system design, experiments and modeling. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Systems, BIONETICS, pp 139–146 (2007)
Hiyama H, Moritani Y, Suda T (2009) A biochemically engineered molecular communication system. Nano Networks, pp 85–94
Oiwa K, Sakakibara H (2005) Recent progress in dynein structure and mechanism. Current Opin Cell Biol 17:98–103
Shima T, Kon T, Imamula K, Ohkura R, Sutoh K (2006) Two modes of microtubule sliding driven by cytoplasmic dynein. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103:17736–17740
Toba S, Oiwa K (2006) Swing or embrace. New aspects of motility inspired by dynein structure in situ. Bioforum Eur 10:14–16
Kuscu M, Akan OB (2012) A physical channel model and analysis for nanoscale molecular communication with Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 11:200–207
Kabir MH, Kwak KS (2013) Molecular nanonetwork channel model. Electron Lett 49:1285–1287
Socolofsky SA, Jirka GH (2005) CVEN 489-501: Special Topics in Mixing and Transport Processes in the Environment. In: EngineeringLectures. 5th edn., vol 3136. Coastal and Ocean Engineering Division, Texas A&M University, MS, p 77843
Kabir MH, Kwak KS (2014) Effect of memory on BER in molecular communication. Electron Lett 50:71–72
Leeson MS, Higgins MD (2012) Forward error correction for molecular communications. Nano Commun Netw 3:161–167
Pierobon M, Akyildiz IF (2011) Information capacity of diffusion-based molecular communication in nanonetworks. In: INFOCOM, 2011 Proc IEEE, pp 506–510
Nakano T, Okaie Y, Jian-Qin L (2012) Channel model and capacity analysis of molecular communication with Brownian motion. IEEE Commun Lett 16:797–800
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (No. 2010-0018116).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kabir, H., Kwak, K.S. (2017). Physical Channel Model for Molecular Communications. In: Suzuki, J., Nakano, T., Moore, M. (eds) Modeling, Methodologies and Tools for Molecular and Nano-scale Communications. Modeling and Optimization in Science and Technologies, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50688-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50688-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50686-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50688-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)