Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Infliximab Therapy for Pediatric Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • 1115 Accesses

Abstract

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract most often diagnosed in adolescence and young adulthood, with a rising incidence in pediatric populations. The goals of therapy of IBD in children consist of eliminating symptoms, normalizing quality of life, restoring growth, and preventing complications while minimizing the adverse effects of medications. These goals are often not achieved with conventional therapeutic strategies, and the use of biologic therapies, like anti-TNF agents, has increasingly become prevalent leading to significant improvement in outcomes and quality of life. Infliximab was the first anti-TNF agent to be approved for treatment of IBD. Their use, however, must be tempered with recognition of side effects, especially infections and malignancies. Emerging strategies to minimize loss of response with scheduled dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring are being employed to maintain long-term remission with these medications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Burnham JM, Shults J, Semeao E, et al. Body-composition alterations consistent with cachexia in children and young adults with Crohn disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:413–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Markowitz J, Hyams J, Mack D, LeLeiko N, et al. Corticosteroid therapy in the age of infliximab: acute and 1 year outcomes in newly diagnosed children diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1124–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hyams JS, Markowitz J, Lerer T, Griffiths A, et al. The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for ulcerartive colitis in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1118–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, Binder V. Frequency of glucocorticoid resistance and dependency in Crohn disease. Gut. 1994;35:360–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Faubion Jr WA, Loftus Jr EV, Harmsen WS, et al. The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:255–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Markowitz J, Grancher K, Kohn N, et al. A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in children with newly diagnosed Crohn disease. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:895–902.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sunseri W, Hyams JS, Lerer T, et al. Retrospective cohort study of methotrexate use in the treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20(8):1341–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hyams JS, Lerer T, Mack D, Bousvaros A, Griffiths A. Outcome following thiopurine use in children with ulcerative colitis: a prospective multicenter registry study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(5):981–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Borrelli O, Cordischi L, Cirulli M, et al. Polymeric diet alone versus corticosteroids in the treatment of active pediatric Crohn’s disease: a randomized controlled open-label trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4(6):744–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Griffiths AM, Ohlsson A, Sherman PM, et al. Meta-analysis of enteral nutrition as a primary treatment of active Crohn disease. Gastroenterology. 1995;108:1056–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Reinecker HC, Steffen M, Witthoeft T, et al. Enhanced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha IL-6, and IL-1 beta by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;94:174–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Nicholls S, Stephens S, Braegger CP, et al. Cytokines in stools of children with inflammatory bowel disease or infective diarrhea. J Clin Pathol. 1993;46:757–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Breese E, Michie C, Nicholls S, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing cells in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1994;106:1455–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Cornillie F, Shealy D, D’Haens G, et al. Infliximab induces potent anti-inflammatory and local immunomodulatory activity but no systemic immune suppression in patients with Crohn disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15:463–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lugering A, Schmidt M, Lugering N, et al. Infliximab induces apoptosis in monocytes from patients with chronic active Crohn disease by using a caspase-dependent pathway. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:1145–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. ten Hove T, van Montfrans C, Peppelenbosch MP, van Deventer SJ. Infliximab treatment induces apoptosis of lamina propria T lymphocytes in Crohn disease. Gut. 2002;50:206–11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Van den Brande JM, Braat H, van den Brink GR, et al. Infliximab but not etanercept induces apoptosis in lamina propria T-lymphocytes from patients with Crohn disease. Gastroenterology. 2003;124:1774–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Shen C, Maerten P, Geboes K, et al. Infliximab induces apoptosis of monocytes and T lymphocytes in a human-mouse chimeric model. Clin Immunol. 2005;115:250–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Scallon BJ, Moore MA, Trinh H, et al. Chimeric anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody cA2 binds recombinant transmembrane TNF-alpha and activates immune effector functions. Cytokine. 1995;7:251–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Abraham C, Cho JH. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2066–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Targan SR, Hanauer SB, van Deventer SJ, et al. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor alpha for Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s Disease cA2 Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(15):1029–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hanauer SB, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR, et al. ACCENT I Study Group. Maintenance infliximab for Crohn disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359:1541–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kugathasan S, Werlin SL, Martinez A, et al. Prolonged duration of response to infliximab in early but not late pediatric Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:3189–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Baldassano R, Braegger CP, Escher JC, et al. Infliximab (REMICADE) therapy in the treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:833–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hyams J, Crandall W, Kugathasan S, et al. Induction and maintenance infliximab therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn’s disease in children. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:863–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kotlyar DS, Osterman MT, Diamond RH, et al. A systematic review of factors that contribute to hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:36–41. e31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, et al. Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1383–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Walters TD, Kim MO, Denson LA, et al. Increased effectiveness of early therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha vs an immunomodulator in children with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:383–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Grossi V, Lerer T, Griffiths A, et al. Concomitant use of immunomodulators affects the durability of infliximab therapy in children with Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:1748–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Feagan BG, McDonald JW, Panaccione R, et al. Methotrexate in combination with infliximab is no more effective than infliximab alone in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:681–8. e681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Osterman MT, Haynes K, Delzell E, et al. Effectiveness and safety of immunomodulators with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:1293–301.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Zubin G, Peter L. Predicting endoscopic Crohn’s disease activity before and after induction therapy in children: a comprehensive assessment of PCDAI, CRP, and fecal calprotectin. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:1386–91.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Khanna R, Sattin BD, Afif W, et al. Review article: a clinician’s guide for therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38:447–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Minar P, Saeed SA, Afreen M, et al. Practical use of infliximab concentration monitoring in pediatric Crohn’s disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;62:715–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Paul S, Del Tedesco E, Marotte H, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab and mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:2568–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Vande Casteele N, Ferrante M, Van Assche G, et al. Trough concentrations of infliximab guide dosing for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:1320–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Brandse JF, van den Brink GR, Wildenberg ME, et al. Loss of infliximab into feces is associated with lack of response to therapy in patients with severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:350–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Afif W, Loftus Jr EV, Faubion WA, et al. Clinical utility of measuring infliximab and human anti-chimeric antibody concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1133–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Dubinsky MC, Lamothe S, Yang HY, et al. Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000;118:705–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Singh N, Rosenthal CJ, Melmed GY, et al. Early infliximab trough levels are associated with persistent remission in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:1708–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Vaughn BP, Martinez-Vazquez M, Patwardhan V, et al. Proactive therapeutic concentration monitoring of infliximab may improve outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results from a pilot observational study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:1996–2003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Vande Casteele N, Gils A, Singh N, et al. Antibody response to infliximab and its impact on pharmacokinetics can be transient. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:962–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ungar B, Levy I, Yavne Y, et al. Optimizing anti-TNF-α therapy: serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab are associated with mucosal healing in patients with inflmmatory bowel diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:550–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Baert F, Noman M, Vermeire S, et al. Influence of immunogenicity on the long-term efficacy of infliximab in Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(7):601–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Wang SL, Ohrmund L, Hauenstein S, et al. Development and validation of a homogeneous mobility shift assay for the measurement of infliximab and antibodies-to-infliximab levels in patient serum. J Immunol Methods. 2012;382(1–2):177–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Steenholdt C, Ainsworth MA, Tovey M, et al. Comparison of techniques for monitoring infliximab and antibodies against infliximab in Crohn’s disease. Ther Drug Monit. 2013;35:530–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Gupta N, Cohen SA, Bostrom AG, et al. Risk factors for initial surgery in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1069–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Park KT, Sin A, Wu M, et al. Utilization trends of anti-TNF agents and health outcomes in adults and children with inflammatory bowel diseases: a single-center experience. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:1242–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Hansen LF, Jakobsen C, Paerregaard A, et al. Surgery and postoperative recurrence in children with Crohn disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60:347–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Van Assche G, Dignass A, Reinisch W, et al. The second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: special situations. J Crohns Colitis. 2010;4:63–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jones GR, Kennedy NA, Lees CW, et al. Systematic review: The use of thiopurines or anti-TNF in post-operative Crohn’s disease maintenance–progress and prospects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39:1253–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Regueiro M, Schraut W, Baidoo L, et al. Infliximab prevents Crohn’s disease recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:441–50. e441; quiz 716.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kemp R, Dunn E, Schultz M. Immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease: an emerging role for biologic agents. BioDrugs. 2013;27:585–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Akiho H, Yokoyama A, Abe S, et al. Promising biological therapies for ulcerative colitis: a review of the literature. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2015;6:219–27.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Rutgeerts P, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, et al. Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2462–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Turner D, Griffiths AM. Acute severe ulcerative colitis in children: a systematic review. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:440–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Turner D, Mack D, Leleiko N, et al. Severe pediatric ulcerative colitis: a prospective multicenter study of outcomes and predictors of response. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:2282–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Turner D, Otley AR, Mack D, et al. Development, validation, and evaluation of a pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index: a prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:423–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. McGinnis JK, Murray KF. Infliximab for ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42:875–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Fanjiang G, Russell GH, Katz AJ. Short- and long-term response to and weaning from infliximab therapy in pediatric ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:312–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Russell GH, Katz AJ. Infliximab is effective in acute but not chronic childhood ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:166–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Kugathasan S. Infliximab outcome in children and adults with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:a615.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Hyams JS, Lerer T, Griffiths A, et al. Outcome following infliximab therapy in children with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1430–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Hyams J, Damaraju L, Blank M, et al. Induction and maintenance therapy with infliximab for children with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:391–9. e1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Taxonera C, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Calvo M, et al. Infliximab dose escalation as an effective strategy for managing secondary loss of response in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60:3075–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Falaiye TO, Mitchell KR, Lu Z, et al. Outcomes following infliximab therapy for pediatric patients hospitalized with refractory colitis-predominant IBD. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58:213–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Huang VW, Prosser C, Kroeker KI, et al. Knowledge of fecal calprotectin and infliximab trough levels alters clinical decision-making for IBD outpatients on maintenance infliximab therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:1359–67.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Joosse ME, Samsom JN, van der Woude CJ, Escher JC, van Gelder T. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:2214–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Colombel JF, Rutgeerts P, Reinisch W, et al. Early mucosal healing with infliximab is associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:1194–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Rutgeerts P, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR, et al. Comparison of scheduled and episodic treatment strategies of infliximab in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:402–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Dassopoulos T, Sultan S, Falck-Ytter YT, Inadomi JM, Hanauer SB. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-alpha biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:1464–78. e1–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Lichtenstein GR, Diamond RH, Wagner CL, et al. Clinical trial: benefits and risks of immunomodulators and maintenance infliximab for IBD-subgroup analyses across four randomized trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30:210–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Baert F, Drobne D, Gils A, et al. Early trough levels and antibodies to infliximab predict safety and success of reinitiation of infliximab therapy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:1474–81. e2; quiz e91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Friesen CA, Calabro C, Christenson K, et al. Safety of infliximab treatment in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:265–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Turner D. Severe acute ulcerative colitis: the pediatric perspective. Dig Dis. 2009;27:322–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Shapiro JM, Subedi S, Machan JT, et al. Durability of infliximab is associated with disease extent in children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;62:867–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lichtenstein L, Ron Y, Kivity S, et al. Infliximab-related infusion reactions: systematic review. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9:806–15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Adler J, Sandberg KC, Shpeen BH, Eder SJ, et al. Variation in infliximab administration practices in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57(1):35–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Vermeire S, Noman M, Van Assche G, et al. Autoimmunity associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment in Crohn’s disease: a prospective cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:32–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Vaz JL, Fernandes V, Nogueira F, Arnobio A, Levy RA. Infliximab-induced autoantibodies: a multicenter study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35:325–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Fidder H, Schnitzler F, Ferrante M, et al. Long-term safety of infliximab for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a single-centre cohort study. Gut. 2009;58:501–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Zabana Y, Domenech E, Manosa M, et al. Infliximab safety profile and long-term applicability in inflammatory bowel disease: 9-year experience in clinical practice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31:553–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Cleynen I, Van Moerkercke W, Billiet T, et al. Characteristics of skin lesions associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:10–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Coutzac C, Chapuis J, Poullenot F, et al. Association between infliximab trough levels and the occurrence of paradoxical manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9:982–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Fiorino G, Danese S, Pariente B, Allez M. Paradoxical immune-mediated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha agents. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13:15–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Dulai PS, Thompson KD, Blunt HB, Dubinsky MC, Siegel CA. Risks of serious infection or lymphoma with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:1443–51; quiz e88–9.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Lichtenstein GR, Rutgeerts P, Sandborn WJ, et al. A pooled analysis of infections, malignancy, and mortality in infliximab- and immunomodulator-treated adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1051–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Lichtenstein GR, Feagan BG, Cohen RD, et al. Serious infections and mortality in association with therapies for Crohn’s disease: TREAT registry. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:621–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Veereman-Wauters G, de Ridder L, Veres G, et al. Risk of infection and prevention in pediatric patients with IBD: ESPGHAN IBD Porto Group commentary. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54:830–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Toruner M, Loftus EV, Harmsen WS, et al. Risk factors for opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:929–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Hage CA, Bowyer S, Tarvin SE, Helper D, Kleiman MB, Wheat LJ. Recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of histoplasmosis complicating tumor necrosis factor blocker therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:85–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1098–104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges Jr SL, et al. 2015 American college of rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:1–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Rufo PA, Denson LA, Sylvester FA, et al. Health supervision in the management of children and adolescents with IBD: NASPGHAN recommendations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55:93–108.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Rampton DS. Preventing TB in patients with Crohn’s disease needing infliximab or other anti-TNF therapy. Gut. 2005;54:1360–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Rahier JF, Magro F, Abreu C, et al. Second European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2014;8:443–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Shale MJ, Seow CH, Coffin CS, Kaplan GG, Panaccione R, Ghosh S. Review article: chronic viral infection in the anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy era in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31:20–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Moses J, Alkhouri N, Shannon A, et al. Hepatitis B immunity and response to booster vaccination in children with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:133–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Mahadevan U, Cucchiara S, Hyams JS, et al. The London position statement of the world congress of gastroenterology on biological therapy for IBD with the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation: pregnancy and pediatrics. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:214–23; quiz 24.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Neef HC, Riebschleger MP, Adler J. Meta-analysis: rapid infliximab infusions are safe. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38:365–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Babouri A, Roblin X, Filippi J, Hebuterne X, Bigard MA, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Tolerability of one hour 10 mg/kg infliximab infusions in inflammatory bowel diseases: a prospective multicenter cohort study. J Crohns Colitis. 2014;8:161–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Principi M, Losurdo G, La Fortezza RF, et al. Does infliximab short infusion have a beneficial impact on the quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases? A single centre prospective evaluation. J Gastrointest Liver Dis. 2015;24:165–70.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Yeckes AR, Hoffenberg EJ. Rapid infliximab infusions in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49:151–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Diak P, Siegel J, La Grenade L, Choi L, Lemery S, McMahon A. Tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers and malignancy in children forty-eight cases reported to the food and drug administration. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:2517–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Beaugerie L, Carrat F, Bouvier AM, et al. Excess risk of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): interim results of the cesame cohort. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:A116–A7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Kandiel A, Fraser AG, Korelitz BI, Brensinger C, Lewis JD. Increased risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. Gut. 2005;54:1121–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Deepak P, Sifuentes H, Sherid M, Stobaugh D, Sadozai Y, Ehrenpreis ED. T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas reported to the FDA AERS with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors: results of the REFURBISH study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:99–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Lichtenstein GR, Feagan BG, Cohen RD, et al. Drug thearpies and the risk of malignancy in Crohn’s disease: results from the TREAT ™ registry. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:212–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Long MD, Martin CF, Pipkin CA, Herfarth HH, Sandler RS, Kappelman MD. Risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2012;143:390.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. Rungoe C, Simonsen J, Riis L, Frisch M, Langholz E, Jess T. Inflammatory bowel disease and cervical neoplasia: a population-based nationwide Cohort Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:693.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Philip Minar MD, Dana MH. Dykes MD, Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar MD & Shehzad A. Saeed MD

Authors
  1. Philip Minar MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dana MH. Dykes MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shehzad A. Saeed MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shehzad A. Saeed MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Petar Mamula

  2. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Andrew B. Grossman

  3. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert N. Baldassano

  4. Division of GI, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Judith R. Kelsen

  5. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, University of South Carolina School of Medicine - Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA

    Jonathan E. Markowitz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Minar, P., Dykes, D.M., Arce-Clachar, A.C., Saeed, S.A. (2017). Infliximab Therapy for Pediatric Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. In: Mamula, P., Grossman, A., Baldassano, R., Kelsen, J., Markowitz, J. (eds) Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49215-5_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49215-5_32

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49213-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49215-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation