Abstract
Exercise has grown in popularity over the past two decades in the USA as well as around the world. But one can assert that as the exercise industry has grown and the number of exercise facilities have increased in the USA so have rates of depression, anxiety and other mental health diseases. In an effort to provide services to patients suffering from affective conditions such as anxiety and depression, researchers have implemented innovative exercise programs as a treatment modality to treat depression and anxiety. In the following chapter, the authors review the scientific literature examining exercise as an intervention to treat behavioral health disorders. Moreover, the chapter expands the model of exercise as a behavioral health intervention and offers suggestions for integrating exercise into the primary care setting.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albright, C., Cohen, S., Gibbons, L., Miller, S., Marcus, B., Sallis, J., … Simons-Morton, D. (2000). Incorporating physical activity advice into primary care: Physician-delivered advice within the activity counseling trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18(3), 225–234.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Broman-Fulks, J. J., Berman, M. E., Rabian, B. A., & Webster, M. J. (2004). Effects of aerobic exercise on anxiety sensitivity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(2), 125. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00103-7.
Callaghan, P. (2004). Exercise: A neglected intervention in mental health care? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11(4), 476–483. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2004.00751.x.
Cheung, C., Wyman, J., Gross, C., Peters, J., Findorff, M., & Stock, H. (2007). Exercise behavior in older adults: a test of the transtheoretical model. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(1), 103–118.
Cummings, N. (1991). Arguments for the financial efficacy of behavioral health services in health care settings. In J. Sweet, R. Rozensky, & S. Tovian (Eds.), Handbook of clinical psychology in medical settings (pp. 113–126). New York: Plenum Press.
Cummings, N., Cummings, J., & Johnson, J. (1997). Behavioral health in primary care: A guide for clinical integration. Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
Daley, A. (2008). Exercise and depression: A review of reviews. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 15(2), 140–147. doi:10.1007/s10880-008-9105-z.
DeBoer, L. B., Powers, M. B., Utschig, A. C., Otto, M. W., & Smits, J. J. (2012). Exploring exercise as an avenue for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(8), 1011–1022. doi:10.1586/ern.12.73.
Frank, R. G., McDaniel, S. H., Bray, J. H., & Heldring, M. (2004). Primary care psychology. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association Press.
Guillot, J., Kilpatrick, M., Hebert, E., & Hollander, D. (2004). Applying the transtheoretical model to exercise adherence in clinical settings. American Journal of Health Studies, 19(1), 1–10.
Hayes, S., Rye, S., Disipio, T., Yates, P., Bashford, J., Pyke, C., & … Eakin, E. (2013). Exercise for health: A randomized, controlled trial evaluating the impact of a pragmatic, translational exercise intervention on the quality of life, function and treatment-related side effects following breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 137(1), 175–186. doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2331-y.
Hirschfeld, R. (2001). The comorbidity of major depression and anxiety disorders: Recognition and management in primary care. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3(6), 244–254.
James, L. C., & Folen, R. A. (2005). The primary care consultant. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association Press.
James, L. J., Folen, R. A., Page, H., Noce, M., & Britton, C. (1998). The Tripler LEAN program: A two-year follow-up study. Military Medicine: An International Journal, 164(6), 389–395.
James, L. C., & O’Donohue, W. T. (2009). The primary care toolkit. New York, NY: Springer.
Jayakody, K., Gunadasa, S., & Hosker, C. (2014). Exercise for anxiety disorders: Systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(3), 187–196.
Josefsson, T. T., Lindwall, M. M., & Archer, T. T. (2014). Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorders: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(2), 259–272.
Krogh, J., Lorentzen, A., Subhi, Y., & Nordentoft, M. (2014). Predictors of adherence to exercise interventions in patients with clinical depression—A pooled analysis from two clinical trials. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 7(1), 50–54. doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2014.01.003.
O’Donohue, W. T., Byrd, M. R., Cummings, N. A., & Henderson, D. A. (2005). Behavioral integrative care. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
Patel, A., Keogh, J. L., Kolt, G. S., & Schofield, G. M. (2013). The long-term effects of a primary care physical activity intervention on mental health in low-active, community-dwelling older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 17(6), 766–772.
Rowan, A. B., & Runyan, C. N. (2005). A primer on the consultation model of primary care behavioral health integration. In L. C. James & R. A. Folen (Eds.), The primary care consultant (pp. 9–27). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 33–61.
Seime, R. J., & Vickers, K. S. (2006). The challenges of treating depression with exercise: From evidence to practice. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 13(2), 194–197. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00022.x.
Smith, T. W. (2006). Blood, sweat, and tears: Exercise in the management of mental and physical health problems. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 13(2), 198–202. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00023.x.
Smits, J. J., Tart, C. D., Presnell, K., Rosenfield, D., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Identifying potential barriers to physical activity adherence: Anxiety sensitivity and body mass as predictors of fear during exercise. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(1), 28–36. doi:10.1080/16506070902915261.
Stathopoulou, G., Powers, M. B., Berry, A. C., Smits, J. J., & Otto, M. W. (2006). Exercise interventions for mental health: A quantitative and qualitative review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13(2), 179–193. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00021.x.
Von Korff, M., Katon, W., Bush, T., Lin, E., Simon, G.E., Saunders, K, … Unutzer, J. (1998). Treatment costs, cost offset and cost-effectiveness of collaborative management of depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 143–149.
Wipfli, B. B., Landers, D. D., Nagoshi, C. C., & Ringenbach, S. S. (2011). An examination of serotonin and psychological variables in the relationship between exercise and mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21(3), 474–481.
Young, L., Bradley, L., & Turner, R. (1995). Decreases in health care resource utilization in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following a cognitive-behavioral intervention. Biofeedback and Self Regulation, 20, 259–268.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reinhart, E., Keller, M., James, L. (2017). Exercise as a Behavioral Health Intervention in Primary Care Settings. In: O'Donohue, W., James, L., Snipes, C. (eds) Practical Strategies and Tools to Promote Treatment Engagement. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49206-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49206-3_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49204-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49206-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)