Skip to main content

The Returns to Third Level Education

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Economic Insights on Higher Education Policy in Ireland

Abstract

Estimates of the private returns to education largely ignore the interaction of increasing gross earnings and the tax/benefit system, as well as the impact extra education may have on labour market outcomes and other non-labour incomes. Estimates of the public and non-pecuniary returns to education are also rare. In this context, this chapter presents estimates of the net private, public and non-pecuniary returns to third level education in Ireland for the year 2014. It finds significant positive returns to both the individual and the state from investing in third level education. It also finds tentative evidence that individuals with a third level education report higher measures of happiness and health compared to those with lower levels of education, controlling for income and other factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Barrett, A., Fitzgerald, J., & Nolan, B. (2002). Earnings inequality, returns to education and immigration into Ireland. Labour Economics, 9, 665–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. (1964). Human Capital Theoretical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. New York: Columbia University Press for NBER.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G., & Chiswick, B. (1966). Education and the distribution of earnings. American Economic Review, 56, 358–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth, A., & Coles, M. (2007). A microfoundation for increasing returns in human capital accumulation and the under-participation trap. European Economic Review, 51, 1661–1681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Britton, J., Shephard, N., & Vignoles, A. (2015). Comparing sample survey measures of English earnings of graduates with administrative data. Unpublished Paper, Department of Economics, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callan, T., & Harmon, C. (1999). The economic return to schooling in Ireland. Labor Economics, 6, 543–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Card, D. (1999). The causal effect of education on earnings. In O. Ashenfelter & D.Card (Eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics. New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Card, D. (2001). Estimating the return to schooling: Progress on some persistent econometric problems. Econometrica, 69, 1127–1160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castriota, S. (2006). Education and Happiness: A Further Explanation to the Easterlin Paradox. CEIS Working Paper No. 246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullinan, J., & Gillespie, P. (2016). Does overweight and obesity impact on self-rated health? Evidence using instrumental variables ordered probit models. Health Economics, 25, 1341–1348.

    Google Scholar 

  • De La Fuente, A., & Jimeno, J. F. (2009). The private and fiscal returns to schooling in the European Union. Journal of the European Economic Association, 7, 1319–1360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denny, K., & Harmon, C. (2001). Testing for sheepskin effects in earnings equations: Evidence for five countries. Applied Economic Letters, 8, 635–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson, M., & Harmon, C. (2011). Economic returns to education: What we know, what we don’t know, and where we are going—Some brief pointers. Economics of Education Review, 30, 1118–1122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterlin, R. (1974). Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. In P. David & R. Reder (Eds.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eide, E., & Showalter, M. (2011). Estimating the relation between health and education: What do we know and what do we need to know? Economics of Education Review, 30, 778–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer-i-Carbone, A., & Frijters, P. (2004). How important is methodology for the estimates of the determinants of happiness? The Economic Journal, 114, 641–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flannery, D., & O’Donoghue, C. (2016). Utilising microsimulation to estimate new marginal returns to education: Ireland 1987–2011. Manchester School, 84, 55–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, M. (1972). On the concept of health capital and the demand for health. Journal of Political Economy, 80, 223–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A., & Kapur, V. (2000). Microsimulation in Government Policy and Forecasting. Amsterdam: North Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, C., Oosterbeek, H., & Walker, I. (2002). The Returns to Education: A Review of the Evidence, Issues and Deficiencies in the Literature. Institute for the Study of Social Change Working Paper, 2002/03.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, C., Walker, I., & Westergaard-Nielsen, N. (Eds.). (2001). Education and Earnings in Europe: A Cross Country Analysis of the Returns to Education. Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartog, J., & Oosterbeek, H. (1998). Health, wealth and happiness: Why pursue a higher education? Economics of Education Review, 17, 245–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HEA. (2014). Higher Education System Performance 2014–2016. Dublin: Higher Education Authority.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckman, J., Lochner, L. J., & Todd, P. E. (2008). Earnings functions and rates of return. Journal of Human Capital, 2, 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, D. (2011). The impact of the economic boom on the level and distribution of well-being: Ireland 1994–2001. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 667–679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, D. (2014). The socioeconomic determinants of mental stress. In J. Cullinan, S. Lyons, & B. Nolan (Eds.), The Economics of Disability: Insights from Irish Research. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, D. (2015). Health and wealth on the roller-coaster: Ireland, 2003–2011. Social Indicators Research, 121, 387–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, A. (1961). The Principles of Economics. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuinness, S., McGinnity, F., & O’Connell, P. (2008). Changing returns to education during a boom? The case of Ireland. Labour: Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, 23, 197–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, W. W. (2004). The social and external benefits of education. In G. Johnes & J. Johnes (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Education. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, W. W. (2009). Higher Learning, Greater Good: The Private and Social Benefits of Higher Education. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merz, J. (1991). Microsimulation—A survey of principles, developments and applications. International Journal of Forecasting, 7, 77–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mincer, J. (1958). Investment in human capital and personal income redistribution. Journal of Political Economy, 66, 281–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, Experience and Earnings. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2015). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD, Centre for Educational Research and Innovation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oreopoulos, P. (2006). Estimating average and local average treatment effects of education when compulsory schooling laws really matter. American Economic Review, 96, 152–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oreopoulos, P. (2007). Do dropouts drop out too soon? Wealth, health and happiness from compulsory schooling. Journal of Public Economics, 91, 2213–2229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oreopoulos, P., & Petronijevic, U. (2013). Making college worth it: A review of the returns to higher education. Future Child, 23, 41–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oreopoulos, P., & Salvanes, K. G. (2011). Priceless: The non-pecuniary benefits of Schooling. Journal of Economic Inquiry, 25, 159–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan, V. (2012). The Long Term Health Effects of Education. ESRI Working Paper No. 429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos, H. A. (2004). Human capital and rates of return. In G. Johnes & J. Johnes (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Education. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, T. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scitovsky, T. (1975). Income and happiness. Acta Oeconomica, 15, 45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silles, M. A. (2009). The causal effect of education on health: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Economics of Education Review, 28, 122–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. (1979). The Wealth of Nations. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trostel, P., & Walker, I. (2006). Education and work. Education Economics, 14, 377–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trostel, P., Walker, I., & Woolley, P. (2002). Estimates of the economic return to schooling for 28 countries. Labour Economics, 9, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, B. (2011). Well-being and Economic Conditions in Ireland. University College Dublin Centre for Economic Research Working Paper, WP11/27.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Flannery, D., O’Donoghue, C. (2017). The Returns to Third Level Education. In: Cullinan, J., Flannery, D. (eds) Economic Insights on Higher Education Policy in Ireland. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48553-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48553-9_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48552-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48553-9

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics