Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Caught in a Cataclysm: Effects of Pueblo Warfare on Noncombatants in the Northern Southwest

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Bioarchaeology of Women and Children in Times of War

Part of the book series: Bioarchaeology and Social Theory ((BST))

Abstract

The biological and societal effects of warfare reach far beyond the effects on the combatants themselves. In this chapter, we examine bioarchaeological data for the Pueblo residents of the northern San Juan region for evidence of warfare-associated morbidity and mortality among noncombatants, primarily women and children. Analytic data for a large collection of remains from Mesa Verde National Park, as well as from settlements such as Sand Canyon, Castle Rock, and Goodman Point pueblos in the Montezuma Valley, were examined as part of this study. The data indicate that, during times of heightened warfare, both warriors and noncombatants suffered significant levels of antemortem trauma and lethal-level perimortem trauma; health-stress indicators such as enamel hypoplasia, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and periostitis are also present. Violence and warfare in the form of raiding and full-scale attacks on settlements exacted a heavy toll on the physical and mental welfare of many women and children in the region during cycles of elevated warfare, which coincided with pronounced environmental downturns and preceded significant population movements. The results of this study provide a means to discover the wider societal impacts of warfare on noncombatants in prehistoric Pueblo society and an opportunity to scrutinize the socially mediated role of warfare within the fabric of a pre-state society in the US northern Southwest.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akins, N. J. (1986). A biocultural approach to human burials from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Reports of the Chaco Center, No. 9. Santa Fe: National Park Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambrose, S. H., & Katzenberg, M. A. (Eds.). (2000). Biogeochemical approaches to paleodietary analysis. New York, NY: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, S. A. (1994). The question of cannibalism and violence in the Anasazi culture: A case study from San Juan County, Utah. Blue Mountain Shadows, 13, 30–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M. S., & Benson, L. V. (2010). Tree-ring dates and demographic change in the southern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande regions. In T. A. Kohler, M. D. Varien, & A. M. Wright (Eds.), Leaving Mesa Verde: Peril and change in the thirteenth-century Southwest (pp. 53–74). Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billman, B. R., Lambert, P. M., & Leonard, B. L. (2000). Cannibalism, warfare, and drought in the Mesa Verde region in the twelfth century AD. American Antiquity, 65, 145–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocinsky, R. K., Chisholm, B. S., & Kemp, B. M. (2011). Basketmaker III turkey use: Multiple lines of evidence. In: Paper presented at the 76th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Sacramento, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocinsky, R. K., & Kohler, T. A. (2014). A 2,000-year reconstruction of the rain-fed maize agricultural niche in the U.S. Southwest. Nature Communications, 5, 5618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, M. C. (2011). Denison mines White Mesa mill, Cell 1 Discovery Project: Site 42Sa29480, San Juan County, Utah. Bluff, UT: Abajo Archaeology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brew, J. O. (1946). Archaeology of Alkali Ridge, southeastern Utah (Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 21). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brues, A. (1946). Alkali Ridge skeletons, pathology and anomaly. In J. O. Brew (Ed.), Archaeology of Alkali Ridge, southeastern Utah (Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 21, pp. 327–329). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coltrain, J. B., Janetski, J. C., & Carlyle, S. W. (2007). The stable- and radio-isotope chemistry of Western Basketmaker burials: Implications for early Puebloan diets and origins. American Antiquity, 72(2), 301–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, E. R., Woodhouse, C. A., Eakin, C. M., Meko, D. M., & Stahle, D. W. (2004). Long-term aridity changes in the western United States. Science, 306, 1015–1018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decker, K., & Tieszen, L. L. (1989). Isotopic reconstruction of Mesa Verde diet from Basketmaker III to Pueblo III. Kiva, 55, 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, I. L., & Olson, D. M. (1991). Letters of Gustaf Nordenkiöld, written in the year 1891 and articles from the journals Ymer and Photographic Times. Mesa Verde National Park, CO: Mesa Verde Museum Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dice, M. H. (1993). Site 5MT10207. In: Disarticulated human remains from Reach III of the Towaoc Canal, Ute Mountain Ute Reservation, Montezuma County, Colorado (Four Corners Archaeological Project Report No. 22). Cortez: Complete Archaeological Service Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglass, A. E. (1929). The secret of the Southwest solved by talkative tree rings. National Geographic Magazine, 56, 736–770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driver, J. C. (2002). Faunal variation and change in the northern San Juan region. In M. D. Varien & R. H. Wilshusen (Eds.), Seeking the center place: Archaeology and ancient communities in the Mesa Verde region (pp. 143–160). Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, F. H. (1951). Patterns of aggression and the war cult in Southwestern Pueblos. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 7, 177–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Najjar, M. Y., Lozoff, B., & Ryan, D. J. (1975). The paleoepidemiology of porotic hyperostosis in the American Southwest: Radiological and ecological considerations. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine, 125(4), 918–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Najjar, M. Y., Ryan, D. J., Turner, C. G., II, & Lozoff, B. (1976). The etiology of porotic hyperostosis among the prehistoric and historic Anasazi Indians of Southwestern United States. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 44, 477–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ember, C. R., & Ember, M. (1997). Violence in the ethnographic record: Results of cross-cultural research on war and aggression. In D. L. Martin & D. W. Frayer (Eds.), Troubled times: Violence and warfare in the past (pp. 1–20). Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Errickson, M. (1993a). Excavations at site 5MT7704, a multicomponent site with occupations dating to the early and late Pueblo III period. In M. Errickson (Ed.), Archaeological investigations on prehistoric sites: Reach III of the Towaoc Canal, Ute Mountain Ute Reservation, Montezuma County, Colorado, Volume I. Four Corners Archaeological Project, Report no. 21 (pp. 25–62). Cortez, CO: Complete Archaeological Service Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Errickson, M. (1993b). Excavations at site 5MT7723, a multicomponent Anasazi site with occupations dating to the Basketmaker III, transitional Pueblo II-III, and late Pueblo III periods. In M. Errickson (Ed.), Archaeological investigations on prehistoric sites: Reach III of the Towaoc Canal, Ute Mountain Ute Reservation, Montezuma County, Colorado, Volume I. Four Corners Archaeological Project, Report no. 21 (pp. 81–158). Cortez, CO: Complete Archaeological Service Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Errickson, M. (1993c). Excavations at site 5MT10207, an early Pueblo III habitation. In M. Errickson (Ed.), Archaeological investigations on prehistoric sites: Reach III of the Towaoc Canal, Ute Mountain Ute Reservation, Montezuma County, Colorado, Volume I. Four Corners Archaeological Project, Report no. 21 (pp. 331–403). Cortez, CO: Complete Archaeological Service Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Errickson, M. (1993d). Excavations at site 5MT10206, an early Pueblo III habitation. In M. Errickson (Ed.), Archaeological investigations on prehistoric sites: Reach III of the Towaoc Canal, Ute Mountain Ute Reservation, Montezuma County, Colorado, Volume I. Four Corners Archaeological Project, Report no. 21 (pp. 287–329). Cortez, CO: Complete Archaeological Service Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, R. B. (1984). Introduction: Studying war. In R. B. Ferguson (Ed.), Warfare, culture, and environment (pp. 1–81). Orlando, FL: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fetterman, J., Honeycutt, L., & Kuckelman, K. (1988). Salvage excavations of 42SA12209, A Pueblo I habitation site in Cottonwood Canyon, Manti-LaSal National Forest, southeastern Utah. Report Submitted to the USDA Forest Service, Monticello, Utah. Yellow Jacket, CO: Woods Canyon Archaeological Consultants.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fewkes, J. W. (1909). Antiquities of Mesa Verde National Park: Spruce-Tree House. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no 41. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • France, D. L. (1988). A human burial from Dolores County, Colorado. Cultural Resource Series, no. 24. Denver, CO: Bureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinkes, M. J. (1983). Skeletal evidence of stress in subadults: Trying to come of age at Grasshopper Pueblo. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation, Department of Anthropology University of Arizona, Tucson.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, H. C. (1974). Pages from Hopi history. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzenberg, M. A. (1995). Report on bone chemistry studies from the Sand Canyon Locality. report on file. Cortez, CO: Crow Canyon Archaeological Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuckelman, K. A. (Ed.). (2000). The archaeology of Castle Rock Pueblo: A late-thirteenth-century village in southwestern Colorado. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, CO. www.crowcanyon.org/castlerock. Accessed November 2, 2015.

  • Kuckelman, K. A. (Ed.). (2007). The archaeology of Sand Canyon Pueblo: Intensive excavations at a late-thirteenth-century village in southwestern Colorado. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, CO. Available: www.crowcanyon.org/sandcanyon. Accessed October 28, 2015.

  • Kuckelman, K. A. (2010). Catalysts of the thirteenth-century depopulation of Sand Canyon Pueblo and the Central Mesa Verde region. In T. A. Kohler, M. D. Varien, & A. M. Wright (Eds.), Leaving Mesa Verde: Peril and change in the thirteenth-century Southwest (pp. 180–199). Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuckelman, K. A. (2012). Bioarchaeological signatures of strife in terminal Pueblo III settlements in the Northern San Juan. In D. L. Martin, R. P. Harrod, & V. R. Perez (Eds.), The bioarchaeology of violence (pp. 121–138). Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kuckelman, K. A. (2014). Identifying causes of the thirteenth-century depopulation of the northern Southwest. Bulletin of the Texas Archaeological Society, 85, 205–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuckelman, K. A. (2016). Cycles of subsistence stress, warfare, and population movement in the northern San Juan. In A. M. VanDerwarker & G. D. Wilson (Eds.), The archaeology of food and warfare: Food insecurity in prehistory (pp. 107–132). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuckelman, K. A. (in press). The Goodman Point archaeological project: Goodman Point Pueblo excavations. Electronic publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuckelman, K. A., Lightfoot, R. R., & Martin, D. L. (2000). Changing patterns of violence in the northern San Juan region. Kiva, 66(1), 147–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuckelman, K. A., Lightfoot, R. R., & Martin, D. L. (2002). The bioarchaeology and taphonomy of violence at Castle Rock and Sand Canyon pueblos, Southwestern Colorado. American Antiquity, 67, 486–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, P. M. (1999). Human skeletal remains. In B. R. Billman (Ed.), The Puebloan occupation of the Ute Mountain Piedmont, Volume 5: Environmental and bioarchaeological studies, 111–161.Phoenix: Publications in Archaeology, No. 22, Soil Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luebben, R. A., & Nickens, P. R. (1982). A mass interment in an early Pueblo Kiva in southwestern Colorado. Journal of Intermountain Archaeology, 1, 66–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, M. E., Fuentes, J. D., & Rutherford, S. (2012). Underestimation of volcanic cooling in tree-ring-based reconstructions of hemispheric temperatures. Nature Geoscience, 5, 202–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. L. (1997). Violence against women in the La Plata River Valley (A.D. 1000-1300). In D. L. Martin & D. W. Frayer (Eds.), Troubled times: Violence and warfare in the past (pp. 45–75). Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. L. (2008). Reanalysis of trauma in the La Plata Valley (900-1300): Strategic social violence and the bioarchaeology of captivity. In A. L. W. Stodder (Ed.), Reanalysis and reinterpretation in Southwestern bioarchaeology (Anthropological Papers no. 59, pp. 167–184). Tempe: Arizona State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. L., Akins, N. J., Goodman, A. H., Toll, H. W., & Swedlund, A. C. (2001). Totah, time, and the rivers flowing: Excavations in the La Plata Valley, Volume 5: Harmony and discord: Bioarchaeology of the La Plata Valley. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, Office of Archaeological Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. L., Goodman, A. H., Armelagos, G. J., & Magennis, A. L. (1991). Black Mesa Anasazi Health: Reconstructing life from patterns of death and disease. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. L., Goodman, A. H., & Armelagos, G. J. (1985). Skeletal pathologies as indicators of quality and quantity of diet. In R. I. Gilbert & J. H. Meikle (Eds.), The analysis of prehistoric diets (pp. 227–279). Orlando, FL: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matson, R. G. (2015). The nutritional context of the Pueblo III depopulation of the northern San Juan: Too much maize? Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.032

  • Matson, R. G., & Chisholm, B. S. (1991). Basketmaker II subsistence: Carbon isotopes and other dietary indicators from Cedar Mesa, Utah. American Antiquity, 56, 444–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, R. G., Lipe, W. D., & Haase, W. R. (1988). Adaptational continuities and occupational discontinuities: The Cedar Mesa Anasazi. Journal of Field Archaeology, 15, 245–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaffery, H., Tykot, R. H., Gore, K. D., & DeBoer, B. R. (2014). Stable isotope analysis of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) diet from Pueblo II and Pueblo III sites, middle San Juan region, northwest New Mexico. American Antiquity, 79(2), 337–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNitt, F. (1966). Richard Wetherill: Anasazi. Revised. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meko, D. M., Woodhouse, C. A., Baisan, C. A., Knight, T., Lukas, J. J., Hughes, M. K., et al. (2007). Medieval drought in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L10705.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mensforth, R. P., Lovejoy, C. O., Lallo, J. W., & Armelagos, G. J. (1978). The role of constitutional factors, diet, and infectious disease in the etiology of porotic hyperostosis and periosteal reactions in prehistoric infants and children. Medical Anthropology, 2(1 part 2), 1–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, E. H. (1939). Archaeological studies in the La Plata District, southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. N., Honeycutt, L., & Fetterman, J. (1993). Preliminary report on 1990 – 1991 excavations at Hanson Pueblo, Site 5MT3876. Indian Camp Ranch Archeological Report, no. 2.. Yellow Jacket, CO: Woods Canyon Archaeological Consultants.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nass, G. G., & Bellantoni, N. F. (1982). A prehistoric multiple burial from Monument Valley evidencing trauma and possible cannibalism. Kiva, 47(4), 257–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordenskiöld, G. (1979). The cliff dwellers of the Mesa Verde, Southwestern Colorado: Their pottery and implements (D. L. Morgan, Trans.). Glorieta: Rio Grande Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nott, B. (2010). Documenting domestication: Molecular and palynological analysis of ancient turkey coprolites from the American Southwest. Pullman, WA: Washington State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortner, D. J. (2003). Identification of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains. San Francisco: Elsevier Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palkovich, A. M. (1980). The Arroyo Hondo skeletal and mortuary remains. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palkovich, A. M. (1987). Endemic disease patterns in paleopathology: Porotic hyperostosis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 74, 527–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, E. C. (1996). Pueblo Indian religion (Vol. 1 and 2). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press (Originally published in 1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, K. L. (1988). Climate and the Dolores River Anasazi: A paleoenvironmental reconstruction from a 10,000-year pollen record, La Plata Mountains, southwestern Colorado. Anthropological Papers, no. 113. Salt Lake City: University of Utah.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawlings, T. A., & Driver, J. C. (2010). Paleodiet of domestic turkey, Shields Pueblo (5MT2307), Colorado: Isotopic analysis and its implications for care of a household domesticate. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(10), 2433–2441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salzer, M. W. (2000). Temperature variability and the northern Anasazi: Possible implications for regional abandonment. Kiva, 65(4), 295–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salzer, M. W., & Kipfmueller, K. F. (2005). Reconstructed temperature and precipitation on a millennial timescale from tree-rings in the southern Colorado Plateau, U.S.A. Climate Change, 70, 465–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stodder, A. W. (1987). The physical anthropology and mortuary practice of the Dolores Anasazi: An early Pueblo population in local and regional context. In K. L. Petersen & J. D. Orcutt (Eds.), Dolores Archaeological Program: Supporting studies: Settlement and environment (pp. 336–504). Denver: Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stodder, A. L. W., Mowrer, K. Osterholtz, A. J., & Salisbury, E. (2010a). Skeletal pathologies and anomalies. In E. M. Perry, A. L.W. Stodder, & C. Bollong (Eds.), Animas-La Plata Project: Volume XV - Bioarchaeology (SWCA Anthropological Research Paper Number 10, pp. 89–155). Phoenix: SWCA Environmental Consultants.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stodder, A. L. W., Osterholtz, A. J., Mowrer, K., & Chuipka, J. P. (2010b). Processed human remains from the Sacred Ridge site: Context, taphonomy, interpretation. In E. M. Perry, A. L. W. Stodder, & C. A. Bollong (Eds.) Animas-La Plata Project: Volume XV—Bioarchaeology (SWCA Anthropological Research Papers No. 10, pp. 279–415). Phoenix: SWCA Environmental Consultants.

    Google Scholar 

  • Street, D. J. (2001). The dendrochronology of Long House, an Anasazi cliff dwelling in the Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, U.S.A.. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart-Macadam, P. (1987). Porotic hyperostosis: New evidence to support the anemia theory. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 74, 521–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart-Macadam, P. (1991). Porotic hyperostosis: Changing interpretations. In D. J. Ortner & A. C. Aufderheide (Eds.), Human paleopathology: Current syntheses and future options (pp. 36–39). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Titiev, M. (1944). Old Oraibi: A study of the Hopi Indians of Third Mesa. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. 22, no. 1. Cambridge: Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, C. G., II, & Turner, J. A. (1999). Man corn: Cannibalism and violence in the prehistoric American Southwest. Salt Lake City, UT: The University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van West, C. R., & Dean, J. S. (2000). Environmental characteristics of the A.D. 900-1300 period in the Central Mesa Verde region. Kiva, 66, 19–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, P. L. (1985). Anemia among prehistoric Indians of the American Southwest. In C. F. Merbs & R. J. Miller (Eds.), Health and disease in the prehistoric Southwest (pp. 139–164). Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, P. L., Bathurst, R. R., Richman, R., Gjerdrum, T., & Andrushko, V. A. (2009). The causes of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: A reappraisal of the iron-deficiency-anemia hypothesis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 139, 109–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wapler, U., Crubezy, E., & Schultz, M. (2004). Is cribra orbitalia synonymous with anemia? Analysis and interpretation of cranial pathology in Sudan. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 123, 333–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Washburn, D. K. (2013). Continuities and changes in the structure of ceramic design: A record of migration and social change in the Rio Grande pueblos. Kiva, 79, 27–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, T. D. (1992). Prehistoric cannibalism at Mancos 5MTUMR-2346. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, T. D., Black, M. T., & Folkens, P. A. (2012). Human osteology (3rd ed.). Burlington: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodbury, R. B. (1954). Prehistoric stone implements of northeastern Arizona (Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 34). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, CO, USA

    Kristin A. Kuckelman M.A.

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    John J. Crandall M.A. & Debra L. Martin Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Kristin A. Kuckelman M.A.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John J. Crandall M.A.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Debra L. Martin Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kristin A. Kuckelman M.A. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

    Debra L. Martin

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

    Caryn Tegtmeyer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kuckelman, K.A., Crandall, J.J., Martin, D.L. (2017). Caught in a Cataclysm: Effects of Pueblo Warfare on Noncombatants in the Northern Southwest. In: Martin, D., Tegtmeyer, C. (eds) Bioarchaeology of Women and Children in Times of War. Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48396-2_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48396-2_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-48395-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-48396-2

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation