Abstract
At a time of economic uncertainty, it is necessary to find new alternatives to improve the employment situation. One of the solutions is to foster entrepreneurship from the institutions of higher education (IHE). The IHE do not only have the function of training students. Their work goes beyond, insofar as they have a very important role in the transfer of knowledge to society. While entrepreneurship is something not too extended in the University classroom, past experiences promoted by the IHE, highlight an important interest in such initiatives. The main objective of this chapter is to point out the essential role of the IHE in the field of entrepreneurship, based on different actions that can be applied. Among other elements, the results of initiatives such as university business incubators, university spin-offs, mentoring (expert advice), business angels (agents that bring money or experience to future entrepreneurs), etc., will be discussed. This study will be done both from a national perspective, and compared with the perspective at European level, to determine the main results of the different alternatives. Together with the above, a set of best practices for university entrepreneurship (networks of entrepreneurship, studies focused on the creation of new enterprises, updating and recycling business courses, university aids to entrepreneurship, etc.), will also be dealt with. The methodology applied, based on case studies, will allow us to know the development of university entrepreneurial activities, in order to extrapolate the experiences to the Spanish reality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
- 11.
In Vaquero and Ferreiro (2011, 2014), it was pointed out that the European model of enterprise incubators was born out of the interest of the business sector, public sector and University, with an activity focused on business activity and advanced research.
- 12.
From the OTRI (1996–2009) network survey and survey ITC (2011) the evolution of the number of spin-offs has been the following: 90 (2004), 88 (2005), 143 (2006), 120 (2007), 100 (2008), 118 (2009) and 131 (2010).
References
Bailetti, T. (2011). Fostering student entrepreneurship and university Spinoff companies. Technology Innovation Management Review, October, 7–12. Retrieved from http://timreview.ca/article/485.
Banja, J. (2000). No conflict, no interest. Ethical considerations in technology transfer. Retrieved December 22, from http://www.emory.edu/acad_exchange/2000/febmar/banja.html.
Bretones, F. (2009). Comportamiento emprendedor en el ámbito universitario. Granada: Service of publications of the University of Granada.
Cano, C. J., García, J., & Gea, A. B. (2003). Actitudes emprendedoras y creación de empresas en los estudiantes universitarios. Almería: Service of publications of the University of Almería.
Casani, F., Pérez Esparrells, C., & Rodríguez-Pomeda, J. (2010). Nuevas estrategias económicas en la universidad desde la responsabilidad social, Revista Calidad en la Educación, 33, 255–273. Santiago de Chile: National Council of education. Retrieved from http://www.cned.cl/public/Secciones/SeccionRevistaCalidad/doc/68/cse_articulo964.pdf.
Clark, B. R. (1998). Creating Entrepreneurial Universities. Organisational pathways of transformation. Oxford: Elsevier.
Clark, B. R. (2004). Sustaining Change in Universities: Continuities in case studies and concepts. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Comisión Europea. (2013). Comunicación de la Comisión al Parlamento Europeo, al Consejo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo y al Comité de las Regiones Plan de acción sobre emprendimiento 2020. Relanzar el espíritu emprendedor en Europa, Brussels. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2012:0795:FIN:ES:PDF.
CRUE. (2010a). La Universidad Española en cifras 2010, Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.crue.org/Publicaciones/Paginas/UEC.aspx?Mobile=0.
CRUE. (2010b). Encuesta red OTRI (1996–2009), Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.crue.org/Publicaciones/Documents/Informe%20Redotri/INFORME ENCUESTA_2011%20RedOTRI.PDF.
CRUE. (2011). Encuesta Informe de la Encuesta de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento 2011 de las Universidades Españolas, Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.crue.org/Publicaciones/Documents/Informe%20Redotri/Informe_Encuesta_2010.pdf.
Etzkowitz, H. (1998). The norms of entrepreneurial science: Cognitive effects of the new university–industry linkages. Research Policy, 27(8), 823–833.
Etzkowitz, H. (2004). The evolution of the entrepreneurial university. International Journal of Technology and Globalisation, 1(1), 64–77.
Etzkowitz, H., & Klofsten, M. (2005). The innovation region: Toward a theory of knowledge-based regional development. R & D Management, 35(3), 243–255.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1997). Universities and the global knowledge economy: A triple helix of university-industry-government relations. London: Pinter.
European Commission. (2002). Final Report of the Expert Group Best Procedure Project on Education and Training for Entrepreneurship. Brussels: Directorate-General for Enterprise. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/support_measures/training_education/education_final_en.pdf.
European Union. (2014). Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs. Brussels: European Union. Retrieved from http://www.erasmus-entrepreneurs.eu/index.php?lan=es#.VK-3M9KG914.
Fernández, S. (2004). Vínculos entre financiación y organización: Análisis comparado de la Universidad española, Education Policy Analysis Archives, 12(63). Retrieved from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v12n63.
Fundación Universidad-Empresa. (2012). Educación emprendedora: Buenas prácticas internacionales, Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.fue.es/50545212/50707644224.pdf.
Gibb, A. (2005). Towards the Entrepreneurial University. Entrepreneurship Education as a lever for change, NCGE Policy paper series, 15. Retrieved from http://ncee.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/towards_the_entrepreneurial_university.pdf.
Gibb, A. (2012). Exploring the synergistic potential in entrepreneurial university development: Towards the building of a strategic framework. Annals of Innovation Entrepreneurship, 3, 1–21. Retrieved from http://journals.co-action.net/index.php/aie/article/view/16742.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (Several years). Informes GEM España, Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.gem-spain.com/?q=Informes%20GEM%20Nacionales.
Hayes, D., & Wynyard, R. (Eds.). (2002). The McDonaldization of higher education. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.
Hoskinsson, R., Covin, J., Volverda, H., & Johnson, R. (2011). Revitalizing entrepreneurship: The search for new research opportunities. Journal of Management Studies, Special Issue: Revitalizing Entrepreneurship, 48(6), 1141–1168. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00997.x/abstract.
Huanca-Lopez, R. (2004). La investigación universitaria de países de desarrollo y la visión de los académicos sobre la relación Universidad-Empresa. Doctoral thesis, Polytechnic University of Valencia.
Law 14/2013, of 27 September, support for entrepreneurs and its internationalization. Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2013-10074.
Law 39/2010 of 22 December, the State budget for the year 2011. Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2010-19703.
Martin, B., & Etzkowitz, H. (2000). The origin and evolution of the university species. VEST, 3–4(13), 7–32. Retrieved from https://www.sussex.ac.uk/webteam/gateway/file.php?name=Fac-BRM-VEST-Uni&site=25.
Maskell, D., & Robinson, A. (2002). The new idea of a university. Thorverton: Imprint Academic.
Ministry of Education. (2010). Estrategia Universidad 2015. Contribución de las universidades al progreso socioeconómico español, Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.uab.cat/doc/DOC_cei_estrategia2015_edicio2011.
Napolitano, M. R., & Riviezzo, A. (2008). The institutional education and training for entrepreneurship development in the Italian universities. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 8, 665–685.
Ortín, P., & Salas, V. (2008). La creación de Spin-off universitarios en España: Características, determinantes y Resultados. Revista de Economía Industrial, 368, 79–95. Retrieved from http://www.minetur.gob.es/Publicaciones/Publicacionesperiodicas/EconomiaIndustrial/RevistaEconomiaIndustrial/368/79.pdf.
Ortín, P., Salas, V., Trujillo, M., & Vendrell, F. (2007). El spin-off universitario en España como modelo de creación de empresas intensivas en tecnología. Internal report, Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism, Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.ipyme.org/Publicaciones/Informe%20spinnoff.pdf.
Pérez García, F., & Serrano Martínez, L. (2012). Universidad, Universitarios y productividad en España. Madrid: Fundación BBVA. Retrieved from http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/Monografia_Universidades_2012_web_cerrado.pdf.
REDEMPRENDIA. (2012). 100 buenas prácticas de emprendimiento universitario, Madrid. Retrieved from http://www.redemprendia.org/sites/default/files//descargas/100_buenas_practicas_en_emprendimiento_universitario.pdf.
Roberts, P. (2002). The virtual university and ethical problems in downsizing. Ethicomp 2002, Lisbon, Portugal. Retrieved from http://www.ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk/conferences/ethicomp2002/abstracts/49.html.
Rodeiro, D. (2008). La creación de empresas en el entorno universitario español. Doctoral Thesis, University of Santiago de Compostela. Retrieved from https://dspace.usc.es/bitstream/10347/2413/1/9788497509954_content.pdf.
Rodeiro, D., Fernández, S., Otero, L., & Rodríguez, A. (2009). Factores determinantes de la creación de spin-offs universitarias. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 19(1), 47–68.
Röpke, J. (1998). The Entrepreneurial University. Innovation, academic knowledge creation and regional development in a globalized economy, Working Paper, no. 3, Department of Economics, Philipps-Universität Marburg. Retrieved from http://etc.online.uni-marburg.de/etc1/010.pdf.
Rothaermel, F., Shanti, D., & Lin, J. (2007). University entrepreneurship: A taxonomy of the literature. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 691–791. Retrieved from http://scheller.gatech.edu/directory/faculty/rothaermel/pubs/07ICC.pdf.
Salas, C., Aguilar, I., & Susunaga, G. (2000). El papel de la innovación en el desarrollo económico regional: Algunas lecciones y experiencias del contexto internacional. Transferencia, 13(49), Enero.
Slaughter, S., & Leslie, L. (1997). Academic capitalism: Politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Vaquero, A., & Ferreiro, J. (2011). Los viveros gallegos como instrumento de desarrollo local: Situación actual y líneas futuras de mejora. Revista Galega de Economía, 20(1), 1–23. Retrieved from https://www.usc.es/econo/RGE/Vol20_1/castelan/art8c.pdf.
Vaquero, A., & Ferreiro, J. (2014). Rentabilidad económica de los viveros de empresa en Galicia. Boletín económico del ICE, 3049(march), 43–53. Retrieved from http://www.revistasice.com/CachePDF/BICE_3049_43-54__713327990179DFCC9FA609F005C93BFC.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vaquero-García, A., Ferreiro-Seoane, F.J., Álvarez-García, J. (2017). Entrepreneurship and University: How to Create Entrepreneurs from University Institutions. In: Peris-Ortiz, M., Gómez, J., Merigó-Lindahl, J., Rueda-Armengot, C. (eds) Entrepreneurial Universities. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47949-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47949-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47948-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47949-1
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)