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Process Implications of CO2 Capture Solvent Selection

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Energy Efficient Solvents for CO2 Capture by Gas-Liquid Absorption

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

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Abstract

In the development of energy efficient solvents for advanced CO2 capture processes, it has often been the case that potentially excellent solvents are overlooked or set aside because of perceived process difficulties or extra costs due to the physical, chemical or thermodynamic properties of the solvent. This chapter considers the process implications of solvent selection with the objective of selecting and designing the process to suit the solvent rather than forcing the solvent into an existing process. The chapter discusses the design, modelling and costing of conventional amine processes insofar as advanced energy efficient solvents still rely on this process. Individual solvent properties, including reaction kinetics, thermodynamics and physical properties are outlined and their impact on design are discussed. Aspects such as degradation products, corrosivity and environmental considerations will impact the selection of process equipment and materials of construction. The impact of these properties of energy efficient solvents on individual unit operations are also discussed in some detail.

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Abbreviations

FDG:

Flue gas desulphurization

HPLC:

High pressure liquid chromatography

HSS:

Heat stable salts

HTU:

Height of a transfer unit

IC:

Ion chromatography

LP:

Low pressure

MDEA:

Methyldiethanolamine

MEA:

Monoethanolamine

MNPZ:

Mono-nitrosopiperazine

MP:

Medium pressure

PCC:

Post-combustion capture

PZ:

Piperazine

SCR:

Selective catalytic reduction

VLE:

Vapour-liquid-equilibrium

Cp :

Heat capacity (constant pressure)

E:

Efficiency; capture efficiency; Energy

G:

Mass flowrate of gas

H:

Height (of packing)

\(\Delta H_{{CO_{2} }}^{vap}\) :

Desorption enthalpy for CO2

I:

Interest

L:

Mass flowrate of liquid

m:

Mass flowrate

MW:

Molecular weight

P:

Pressure, Plant capacity

Q:

Heat, Energy

T:

Temperature

v :

Volumetric fraction of a component in a gas

w:

Weight fraction

α:

CO2 loading (moles CO2/moles active solvent component)

Δ:

Difference

0:

Unloaded solvent

am:

Amine or other active component of the capture solvent

cap:

Capital (cost)

CO2 :

Value for CO2 or its fraction of a stream

cond:

Condenser, Condensate

cw:

Cooling water

DES:

Desorber (stripper)

FG:

Flue Gas

in:

Inlet flow

L:

Lean (stripped) solvent

out:

Outlet flow

R:

Rich (containing captured CO2) solvent

sens:

Sensible heat

tot:

Total

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  1. CSIRO Energy, Mayfield West, NSW, 2304, Australia

    Leigh T. Wardhaugh

  2. CSIRO Energy, Pullenvale, QLD, 4069, Australia

    Ashleigh Cousins

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    Wojciech M. Budzianowski

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Wardhaugh, L.T., Cousins, A. (2017). Process Implications of CO2 Capture Solvent Selection. In: Budzianowski, W. (eds) Energy Efficient Solvents for CO2 Capture by Gas-Liquid Absorption. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47262-1_3

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