Abstract
Re-entry flights in carbon dioxide–nitrogen atmospheres such as Mars and Venus became more and more the focal point of interest in the research community lately. During these re-entry flights at hypersonic velocities, a high-enthalpy flow field is generated behind the bow shock. Due to this high-enthalpy flow field, the constituent chemical species inside this field undergo several significant real gas effects, for example, dissociation. With respect to typical re-entry trajectories starting at high altitudes, low density/low pressure regions are passed during re-entry flights, whereby dissociation occurs at a wide range, starting at relatively low gas temperatures affecting aspects like surface chemistry or wall heat fluxes significantly. Therefore it is important to generate accurate thermodynamic, kinetic and transport models with a chemical non-equilibrium approach, where the conservation equations for momentum, total energy and balance equations are solved for each species in the dissociated flow field. Due to the fact that plasma and shock tunnels are subject to several shortcomings, the importance of efficient numerical simulations is still steadily increasing. Furthermore the Navier–Stokes equations, which are still the most comprehensive equations for continuum fluid dynamics, simultaneously are the most computational costly ones. Therefore the usage of an efficient and accurate numerical approach, which is less general, but generates the same order of accuracy in its domain of application, like the coupled Euler–second-order boundary-layer method, is very promising. As long as there are no strong interactions between the viscous and the inviscid flow, the method described here generates analogous flow physics compared to the Navier–Stokes solutions. Also it already proved its good agreements with numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes solutions for blunt re-entry bodies at high angles of attack and medium to low altitudes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mundt, Ch.: Calculation of hypersonic, viscous, non-equilibrium flows around reentry bodies using a coupled boundary layer/Euler method. In: AIAA-92-2856, AIAA 27th Thermophysics Conference (1992)
Pfitzner, M.: A 3-D non-equilibrium shock-fitting algorithm using effective Rankine-Hugoniot relations. In: AIAA 91-1467, AIAA 22nd Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics & Laser Conference (1991)
Mundt, Ch.: Rechnerische Simulation reibungsbehafteter Strömungen im chemischen Nichtgleichgewicht. PhD Thesis (1992)
van Dyke, M.: Perturbation Methods in Fluid Mechanics. The Parabolic Press, Stanford (1975)
Gordon, S., McBride, B.J.: Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications. RP-1311, NASA Ref. Pub., Cleveland (1994, 1996)
Gordon, S., McBride, B.J.: Thermodynamic Data to 20000 K for Monoatomic Gases. NASA/TP-1999-208523, Cleveland (1999)
Hirschfelder, J.O., Curtiss, C.F., Bird, R.B.: Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids. Wiley, New York (1966)
Wright, M.J., Hwang, H.H., Schwenke, D.W.: Recommended collision integrals for transport property computations. Part 2: Mars and Venus entries. AIAA J. 45(1), 281–288 (2007)
Kovalev, R.V., Vlasov, V.I., Zalogin, G.N.: Modelling of transport properties of CO2+N2 gas mixture. SACOMAR, SPA.2010.3.2-04, D 6.2 (2012)
Laricchiuta, A., Bruno, D., Catalfamo, C., Pirani, F., Colonna, G., Diomede, P., Pagano, D., Gorse, C., Longo, S., Celiberto, R., Giordano, D., Capitelli, M.: Transport properties of high-temperature mars-atmosphere components. In: AIAA 2007-4043, 39th AIAA Thermophysics Conference (2007)
Park, Ch., Howe, T., Jaffe, R.L.: Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions, II: Mars entries. J. Thermophys. Heat Trans. 8(1), 9–23 (1994)
Starkloff, M., Mundt, Ch.: Accurate interpolation of state surfaces for thermodynamic properties of equilibrium carbon dioxide—nitrogen atmospheres and their implementation in a coupled Euler—boundary layer method. In: AA-1-2011-37, 3rd International ARA—Days (2011)
Brandis, A.M., Morgan, R.G., McIntyre, T.J.: Analysis of nonequilibrium CN radiation encountered during titan atmospheric entry. J. Thermophys. Heat Trans. 25(4), 493–499 (2011)
Noeding, P.: Review of physico-chemical CO2 modelling and recommendation for improvement. SACOMAR, SPA.2010.3.2-04, D 6.1 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Starkloff, M., Mundt, C. (2017). Investigation of Chemical Non-equilibrium Hypersonic Flows in Carbon Dioxide–Nitrogen Atmospheres Using a Coupled Euler–Boundary-Layer Method. In: Ben-Dor, G., Sadot, O., Igra, O. (eds) 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46213-4_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46213-4_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46211-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46213-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)