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The Mitochondrion: A Physiological Target of Nitrite

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Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Mitochondria maintain cellular homeostasis through ATP generation, redox signaling, and initiation of apoptosis. These functions are dynamic and tightly regulated to adapt to rapidly changing cellular environments. Nitrite (NO2 −) has recently emerged as an endogenous signaling molecule and potential therapeutic that is now known to regulate mitochondrial number, morphology, and function. Notably, the mitochondrion represents a hub of signaling through which nitrite mediates many effects including protection from ischemic injury and enhancement of exercise efficiency. This chapter outlines the interactions between mitochondria and nitrite, and defines mechanisms by which nitrite controls mitochondrial function to mediate signaling in physiology and disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburg, 1240E Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Danielle A. Guimaraes Ph.D.

  2. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1240E Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Chris Reyes B.S.

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1240E BST, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Sruti Shiva Ph.D.

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  1. Danielle A. Guimaraes Ph.D.
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  2. Chris Reyes B.S.
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  3. Sruti Shiva Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Sruti Shiva Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Nathan S. Bryan

  2. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Joseph Loscalzo

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Guimaraes, D.A., Reyes, C., Shiva, S. (2017). The Mitochondrion: A Physiological Target of Nitrite. In: Bryan, N., Loscalzo, J. (eds) Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46189-2_5

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