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Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction during Central Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases

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The Blood Brain Barrier and Inflammation

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) cellular constituents and their molecular interactions critically regulate immune activation within the central nervous system (CNS) such that it is protected from fatal complications of inflammatory processes. While the mechanisms that prevent leukocyte access to the CNS parenchyma were originally ascribed to physical barriers comprised of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) with ensheathing pericytes, astrocyte endfeet, and their basement membranes, it is now established that these walls are, in fact, molecular in nature. Cellular adhesion molecules, chemoattractants, and the receptors that regulate their patterns of expression maintain barrier integrity and function, limiting the entry of leukocytes and their egress into the CNS parenchyma from perivascular spaces. These molecular mechanisms are also critical for neuroinflammatory responses to pathogen invasion within the CNS, promoting immune cell interactions at endothelial barriers that ensure local T cell reactivation, a requirement for their role in pathogen clearance.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Post-doctoral Fellowship (J.L. Williams) and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant P01 NS059560 (R.S. Klein).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Jessica L. Williams & Robyn S. Klein MD, PhD

  2. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Robyn S. Klein MD, PhD

  3. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Robyn S. Klein MD, PhD

  4. Washington University School of Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Neurobiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Robyn S. Klein MD, PhD

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  1. Jessica L. Williams
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Correspondence to Robyn S. Klein MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Ruth Lyck

  2. Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Gaby Enzmann

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Williams, J.L., Klein, R.S. (2017). Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction during Central Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases. In: Lyck, R., Enzmann, G. (eds) The Blood Brain Barrier and Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45514-3_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45514-3_8

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