Abstract
Botulinum toxin has many applications for improving facial appearance by altering muscle action. This can include reducing dynamic rhytids (i.e., wrinkling of the skin from underlying muscle contraction) and balancing the facial esthetic units. There are currently multiple commercially available botulinum compounds available, all of which have the same essential mechanism of action, but slightly altered chemical compositions. It should be noted that each of these compounds has specific FDA approval for specific injection sites; however, these products are regularly used “off label” to treat other areas.
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Czyz, C.N. (2017). Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Treatment. In: Rosenberg, E., Nattis, A., Nattis, R. (eds) Operative Dictations in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45495-5_150
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45495-5_150
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