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Whole-Sporozoite Malaria Vaccines

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Malaria

Abstract

Whole-sporozoite administration is the sole immunization strategy that has been shown to elicit sterile immunity against malaria. Sporozoite-based immunization aims at eliciting potent pre-erythrocytic immune responses whilst preventing the appearance and progression of the symptomatic blood stages of infection. Following the landmark demonstration that live, Xirradiated sporozoites of a rodent-infective Plasmodium species were able to protect against a new infection, numerous efforts have been undertaken to exploit the potential of whole sporozoite approaches for clinical vaccine development. Such efforts have led to the generation of candidate vaccines based on the attenuation of P. falciparum by irradiation (RAS) or genetic modification (GAP), or on the administration of live, non-attenuated parasites, under a prophylactic drug regimen (CPS). The well established controlled human malaria infection model has proven to be of great value in this endeavor. In this chapter, we provide a historical perspective and discuss major advances in the development of wholesporozoite malaria vaccines, as well as the search for immune mechanisms and correlates of protection.

António M. Mendes and Anja Scholzen contributed equally with all other contributors.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal

      António M. Mendes & Miguel Prudêncio

    2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

      Anja Scholzen & Robert W. Sauerwein

    3. Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

      Ann-Kristin Mueller

    4. German Centre for Infection Research, D 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

      Ann-Kristin Mueller

    5. Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands

      Shahid M. Khan

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    1. António M. Mendes
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    1. Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

      Maria M. Mota

    2. Division of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

      Ana Rodriguez

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    Mendes, A.M., Scholzen, A., Mueller, AK., Khan, S.M., Sauerwein, R.W., Prudêncio, M. (2017). Whole-Sporozoite Malaria Vaccines. In: Mota, M., Rodriguez, A. (eds) Malaria. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45210-4_6

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