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Extra-Intestinal Escherichia coli (Uropathogenic E. coli and Avian Pathogenic E. coli)

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Escherichia coli in the Americas

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Summary

Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is the most common Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, and it is associated to many animal diseases. Within the ExPEC classification are the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains that are able to cause pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) as well as community-acquired and nosocomial UTIs in humans, accounting for substantial medical costs and morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many virulence factors, such as adhesins, toxins, capsule, serum resistance, and iron uptake systems, are linked to the pathogenicity presented by these strains. A zoonotic potential of ExPEC has been suggested due to a close relationship between ExPECs from human and avian origins. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli is a group of ExPEC strains that cause several infectious processes termed colibacillosis, representing the major cause of losses in the poultry industry, resulting in decreased egg production, influencing the cost of treatment, and impacting carcasses condemnations and mortality. APEC strains can trigger localized and systemic forms of diseases which include omphalitis, cellulitis, swollen-head syndrome, salpingitis and peritonitis, coligranuloma, colisepticemia, and air sac disease. Some recent advances in ExPEC research have been done about multidrug resistance, prophylactic vaccines, new technologies, and therapies such as bio-conjugation, fusion of proteins, and the use of mannosides and pilicides. Also, in Latin America many studies have been realized about ExPEC strains such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and their pathogenicity as well as the development of potential vaccines.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bacterial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil

    Janaína L. Leite, Thaís C. G. Rojas, Renato P. Maluta & Wanderley Dias de Silveira

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  1. Janaína L. Leite
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  2. Thaís C. G. Rojas
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Correspondence to Wanderley Dias de Silveira .

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

    Alfredo G. Torres

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Leite, J.L., Rojas, T.C.G., Maluta, R.P., de Silveira, W.D. (2016). Extra-Intestinal Escherichia coli (Uropathogenic E. coli and Avian Pathogenic E. coli). In: Torres, A. (eds) Escherichia coli in the Americas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45092-6_9

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