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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

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Escherichia coli in the Americas

Summary

Pediatric diarrheal diseases continue to represent a significant health burden in areas of the world with poor sanitation. Hundreds of thousands of deaths, mostly in young children occur each year due to severe acute gastrointestinal disease caused by diverse enteric pathogens. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of childhood gut illness and death in endemic areas. While the epidemiology of ETEC infections is known for some regions of North, Central, and South American countries, the actual impact in most of the continent is unknown. Despite much research efforts of many investigators, safe and effective vaccines against diarrheal disease caused by ETEC are not yet available. The major challenges in developing such vaccines are the poor immunogenicity of the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by the majority of strains and the array of antigenically diverse colonization factors (CFs) that mediate gut colonization; however, while inducing protective antibodies, they only protect against homologous strains. The use of new multi-epitope fusion antigens consisting of chimeric CFs-toxin fusions lacking toxicity has shown important and promising immunogenicity and protection. We review here the current knowledge on ETEC, its epidemiology in the Americas, and the most important vaccine strategies available.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Fondecyt Grants 1110260.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Roberto M. Vidal & Nayaret L. Chamorro

  2. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

    Jorge A. Girón

  3. University of Virginia, Puebla and Charlottesville, Mexico, VA, USA

    Jorge A. Girón

Authors
  1. Roberto M. Vidal
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  2. Nayaret L. Chamorro
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  3. Jorge A. Girón
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto M. Vidal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA

    Alfredo G. Torres

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Vidal, R.M., Chamorro, N.L., Girón, J.A. (2016). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli . In: Torres, A. (eds) Escherichia coli in the Americas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45092-6_1

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