Skip to main content

Protection and Conservation of Archaeological Heritage in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Collision or Collaboration

Part of the book series: One World Archaeology ((WORLDARCH))

Abstract

Archaeologists and authorities such as the Department of National Heritage and Museums in Malaysia are always racing against time to protect archaeological heritage before it is damaged or destroyed by the rapid pace of economic development in the country. Moreover, recent interest in archaeological tourism has created new challenges to safeguarding Malaysia’s archaeological heritage. Finally, limited skilled experts and financial resources have constrained the ability of Malaysia’s museums to properly store and conserve artifacts. This chapter first presents some of these challenges, using specific case studies of Lenggong Valley in Perak, which was recently inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, and the archaeology-rich areas in the Bujang Valley, Kedah and Malaysian Borneo. It then describes the legislative context within which heritage management operates in Malaysia, and considers further steps that could be taken by governments and other stakeholders to enhance the preservation of Malaysian archaeological heritage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aas, C., Ladkin, A., & Fletcher, J. (2005). Stakeholder collaboration and heritage management. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 28–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G. (2005). The archaeology of foraging and farming at Niah Cave, Sarawak. Asian Perspectives, 44(1), 90–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G. (Ed.). (2013). Rainforest foraging and farming in Island Southeast Asia: The archaeology of the Niah Caves, Sarawak (McDonald Institute Monograph Series, Vol. 1). Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G., Barton, H., Beavitt, P., Bird, M., Daly, P., Gilberston, D., et al. (2002). Prehistoric foragers and farmers in Southeast Asia: Renewed investigations at Niah Cave, Sarawak. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 68, 147–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellwood, P. S. (1988). Archaeological research in Southeastern Sabah (Sabah Museum Monograph No. 2). Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellwood, P. S., & Koon, P. (1989). Lapita colonists leave boats unburned. Antiquity, 63, 613–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (1997). Prehistoric pottery sources and technology in Peninsular Malaysia based on compositional and morphological studies (Monograph of Malaysia Museums Journal, New Series, Vol. 33). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums and Antiquity Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2001). The prehistory of Bukit Tengkorak, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Archaeology, 21, 146–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2003a). The prehistory of Bukit Tengkorak as a major prehistoric making site in Southeast Asia (Sabah Museum Monograph, Vol. 8). Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2003b). Prehistoric pottery production and technology at Bukit Tengkorak, Sabah, Malaysia. In J. Miksic (Ed.), Earthenware in Southeast Asia (pp. 187–200). Singapore: Singapore University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2003c). Obsidian sourcing at Bukit Tengkorak, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Society Journal, 20, 45–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2005a). Prehistoric earthenware of Malaysia, special issue on earthenware and glazed ceramics of Southern Asia. Journal of Sophia Asian Studies, 23, 201–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2005b). Preservation of the Perak man. In Z. Majid (Ed.), The excavation of Gua Gunung Runtuh and the discovery of the Perak man in Malaysia (pp. 109–118). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums and Antiquity Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2006). Prehistoric trade, exchange and cultural contact between Bukit Tengkorak and other sites in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region, In A. A. Tajuddin & O. K. Ong (Eds.), Fundamental research at USM 2002–2005 (Vol. 3, pp. 12–21). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2008). Prehistoric sites and research in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology, 2, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2010). Archaeotourism in Malaysia. In K. Din & J. Mapjabil (Eds.), Tourism research in Malaysia (pp. 337–350). Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2016). The history and practice of archaeology in Malaysia. In J. Habu, J. Olsen, & P. Lape (Eds.), Handbook of East and Southeast Asian archaeology. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., & Andaya, W. B. (Eds.). (2011). Bujang Valley and Early Civilisations in Southeast Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Department of National Heritage Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., & Hassan, Z. (2005). Gua Harimau, a prehistoric cemetery in Lenggong, Perak. In Z. Majid (Ed.), Perak man and other prehistoric skeletons in Malaysia (pp. 363–382). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., & Sam, T. W. (1994). The removal, reconstruction and conservation of ancient human remains: A practical guide. In Z. Majid (Ed.), The excavation of Gua Gunung Runtuh and the discovery of the Perak man in Malaysia (pp. 97–112). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums and Antiquity Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Datan, I. (1993). Archaeological research at Gua Sireh (Serian) and Lubang Angin (Gunung Mulu National Park), Sarawak, Malaysia (Sarawak Museum Journal, Special Monograph No. 6). Kuching: Sarawak Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dermawan, A. (2014, February 16). Protecting Lenggong Valley. New Sunday Times (p. 15).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh, H. M. (2014). Cave archaeology of the Lenggong Valley, Malaysia: A heritage management perspective. Ph.D. thesis, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunsika, A. (2007). WWF sees tourism potential for Balambangan Island, Kudat. Retreived April 30, 2016, from http://www.e-borneo.blogspot.my.

  • Harrisson, T. (1957). The great cave of Niah: A preliminary report on Bornean prehistory. Man, 57, 161–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1958). The caves of Niah: A history of prehistory. Sarawak Museum Journal, 8, 549–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1967). A classification of stone age burials in the Niah Great Cave, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 15(30–31), 166–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, Z. (1998). Urutan kebudayaan prasejarah Lembah Lenggong, Hulu Perak. MA thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • JMM. (2015). Department of Museums Malaysia Annual Reports, 2011–2013. Retrieved August 18, 2015, from http://www.jmm.gov.my/en/annual-reports.

  • Kamini, R. S. (2014, March 2). Bujang—a matter of drawing tourists and preserving history. The Rakyat Post (p. 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai, I., & Chua, K. (2013, December 2). Row over temple demolition. The Star (p. 3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1980). Lembah Bujang (Monograph Lembah Bujang). Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1982). The West Mouth, Niah in the prehistory of Southeast Asia (Sarawak Museum Journal 31, Special Monograph No. 3). Kuching: Sarawak Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1993). Archaeological excavations of three megalithic sites in Negeri Sembilan and Melaka. Purba (Jurnal Persatuan Muzium Malaysia), 12, 1–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (Ed.). (1994). The excavation of Gua Gunung Runtuh and the discovery of the Perak man in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums and Antiquity Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1997). The discovery of Bukit Jawa, Gelok, a middle-late Palaeolithic site in Perak, Malaysia. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 70(2), 49–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (2003). Archaeology in Malaysia. Penang: Centre for Archaeological Research Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (2005). The excavation and analyses of the Perak man buried in Gua Gunung Runtuh, Lenggong, Perak. In Z. Majid (Ed.), The Perak man and other prehistoric skeletons of Malaysia (pp. 1–32). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, L. (2002). Caves of Tasik Kenyir. Malaysian Naturalist, 56(2), 31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, N. H. S. N. A., & Yatim, O. M. (1992). Warisan Lembah Bujang. Kuala Lumpur: Ikatan Arkeologi Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabtu, M. S. (2002). Tamadun awal Lembah Bujang. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M. (1997). Kajian perbandingan tapak Paleolitik Kampung Temelong dengan Kota Tampan dan sumbangannya terhadap kebudayaan zaman Pleistosen akhir di Asia Tenggara (Malaysian Museums Journal (New Series) Monograph, Vol. 32). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums and Antiquity Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M. (2010). Bukti prasejarah di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M., & Abdullah, J. (2007). Sungai Perak Kuno: Sumbangannya kepada Zaman Paleolitik Malaysia. Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia, 20, 14–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taha, A. H. (2007). Archaeology of Ulu Kelantan. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, C. L. (2015, July 13). Losing a last refuge. The Star2 (pp. 1–3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, N. H., & Chia, S. (2010). ‘New’ rock art from Gua Tambun, Perak, Malaysia. Rock Art Research, 27(1), 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tykot, R. H., & Chia, S. (1997). Long-distance obsidian trade in Indonesia. In V. P. Vandiver, J. Druzik, J. Merkel & J. Stewart (Eds.), Materials issues in Art & Archaeology V, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 462, pp. 175–180). Pittsburg: Material Research Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandiver, P., & Chia, S. (1997). The pottery technology from Bukit Tengkorak, a 3000–5000 year-old site in Borneo, Malaysia. In V. P. Vandiver, J. Druzik, J. Merkel & J. Stewart (Eds.), Materials issues in Art & Archaeology, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 462, pp. 269–277). Pittsburg: Material Research Society.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen Chia Ming Soon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Soon, S.C.M. (2017). Protection and Conservation of Archaeological Heritage in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges. In: Gould, P., Pyburn, K. (eds) Collision or Collaboration. One World Archaeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44515-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44515-1_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44514-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44515-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics