Abstract
Ischaemic stroke accounts for 70 % of all acute cerebral vasculopathies and is among the leading causes of death and disability in the Western world. It is most often due to brain vessel atherosclerosis and less commonly to infectious arteritis, emboli from the carotid artery or cardiac pump deficits, resulting in systemic hypoperfusion. A significantly reduced blood flow in the vascular territory supplying the affected vessels induces a metabolic tissue imbalance (hypoxia and hypoglycaemia) that gives rise to variably reversible anatomical injury. Four grades of clinical severity can be distinguished on the basis of the duration of symptoms, which are mainly characterized by a focal neurological deficit:
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1.
TIA (transient ischaemic attack): a sudden-onset, focal, non-convulsive condition that usually resolves within a few minutes and always within 24 h.
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2.
RIND (reversible ischaemic neurological deficit): symptoms last no more than 48 h and normal conditions are restored within 3 weeks.
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3.
Progressive stroke: progressive onset of clinical symptoms worsening over the first 24–48 h and leaving a persistent functional deficit.
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4.
Completed stroke: a stable clinical condition since onset that may improve in time.
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Popolizio, T. et al. (2017). 3.0 T Imaging of Ischemic Stroke. In: Scarabino, T., Pollice, S., Popolizio, T. (eds) High Field Brain MRI. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44174-0_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44174-0_15
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