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The Pathology of Adrenal Masses

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Management of Adrenal Masses in Children and Adults

Abstract

Adrenal masses include lesions derived from the adrenal cortex and medulla as well as metastatic tumors to the adrenal glands. The principal cortical masses include adrenal cortical hyperplasia, adenomas, and carcinomas. The principal adrenal medullary masses include pheochromocytomas and neuroblastic tumors. The pathological distinction of benign from malignant adrenocortical tumors can usually be done with the Weiss criteria, but there are some exceptional tumors that are difficult to classify. Distinguishing between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is often difficult and relies mainly on the presence of metastatic disease. Neuroblastomas show a spectrum ranging from highly malignant undifferentiated neuroblastomas to benign ganglioneuromas. Immunohistochemical analyses can be very helpful in the differential diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas and in separating these lesions from metastatic tumors. Recent molecular studies have provided new insights into regulatory molecules in both adrenocortical and medullary tumors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA

    Ranran Zhang M.D., Ph.D. & Ricardo V. Lloyd M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Ranran Zhang M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Ricardo V. Lloyd M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Ricardo V. Lloyd M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Electron Kebebew

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Zhang, R., Lloyd, R.V. (2017). The Pathology of Adrenal Masses. In: Kebebew, E. (eds) Management of Adrenal Masses in Children and Adults. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44136-8_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44134-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44136-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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