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Pediatric Vascular Neurology and Syndromes

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Pediatric Vascular Neurosurgery

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Abstract

Stroke syndromes are constellations of signs and symptoms that result from cerebral injury in a specific vascular territory. Localization of a set of deficits requires a thorough understanding of cerebrovascular anatomy and is essential to proceed with further evaluation and management. Cerebrovascular pathology can be broadly localized to the anterior cerebral circulation, the posterior cerebral circulation, or the spinal cord. In general, anterior circulation pathology can present with hemiparesis, hemisensory changes, visual field cuts, and cortical signs. Posterior circulation strokes may instead present with nausea, vomiting, decreased consciousness, cranial neuropathies, visual field cuts, vertigo, ataxia, and crossed sensorimotor deficits. Depending on the artery affected, spinal cord strokes can present with motor and/or sensory deficits below the level of the lesion. Though data in children is limited due to the rarity of childhood stroke, pediatric vascular neurology is a growing field. There is emerging evidence that the presentation of stroke is age-dependent, with diffuse neurologic signs, such as seizures or altered mental status, being more common clinical manifestations of stroke in children than in adults and often the only sign of stroke in neonates. Understanding the presentation of stroke in the pediatric population is critical to being able to rapidly recognize appropriately manage these children.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Child Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Lisa R. Sun MD & Ryan J. Felling MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Lisa R. Sun MD
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  2. Ryan J. Felling MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryan J. Felling MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

    Abhishek Agrawal

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

    Gavin Britz

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Sun, L.R., Felling, R.J. (2016). Pediatric Vascular Neurology and Syndromes. In: Agrawal, A., Britz, G. (eds) Pediatric Vascular Neurosurgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43636-4_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43636-4_4

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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