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Reflectometry

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Zusammenfassung

This chapter discusses the use of properties of global navigation satellite system (GlossaryTerm

GNSS

) signals after their reflection on the Earth’s surface. Global navigations satellite system reflectometry (or GNSS-R) is a multistatic radar that uses the GNSS constellations to extract information on the properties of the reflecting surfaces. Experiments have demonstrated that useful information can be extracted from such reflected signals. GNSS-R instruments have been installed in ground and coastal platforms, aircraft, stratospheric balloons, and spacecrafts. As a natural consequence it has been proposed by space agencies for the deployment of dedicated space missions. In the first part of this chapter the properties of the GNSS reflected signals on different components of the Earth’s surface are discussed, and the technical principles sustaining different types of GNSS-R instruments are presented. The second part of this chapter presents methods to retrieve geophysical information from the GNSS-R signals, results obtained in different experiments and plans for future space missions.

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Abbreviations

DDM:

delay-Doppler-map

EIRP:

effective isotropic radiated power

ESA:

European Space Agency

GLONASS:

Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema (Russian Global Navigation Satellite System)

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

IEEE:

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IGS:

International GNSS Service

ISS:

International Space Station

LEO:

low Earth orbit

LHCP:

left-hand circular polarized

MSS:

mean squared slope

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

PBO:

plate boundary observatory

PDF:

probability density function

PRN:

pseudo-random noise

RF:

radio frequency

RHCP:

right-hand circular polarized

RMS:

root mean square

RO:

radio occultation

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Spanish grant AGORA: Advanced GNSS and other signals of Opportunity Reflectometry for Accurate Climate Monitoring (ESP2015-70014-C2-R). The authors participate in the EUMETSAT ROM SAF.

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  1. ICE (IEEC-CSIC), Institute of Space Sciences, Carrer de Can Magrans, S/N, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain

    Antonio Rius & Estel Cardellach

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  1. Antonio Rius
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Correspondence to Antonio Rius .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Rius, A., Cardellach, E. (2017). Reflectometry. In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_40

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