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Receiver Architecture

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Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Zusammenfassung

This chapter discusses the basic architecture of global navigation satellite system (GlossaryTerm

GNSS

) receivers. It starts with a breakdown of the receiver function into individual building blocks along the processing chain (front-end, down conversion, mixers, numerically controlled oscillators, correlators, tracking loops, data demodulation, navigation, user interface), and describes the respective functions. A dedicated section describes selected hardware solutions (example chipsets for front-end and baseband processing, offering different levels of integration and capabilities). Finally, receiver designs performing the signal processing in pure software as well as receivers based on configurable hardware are discussed.

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Abbreviations

ADC:

analog-to-digital converter

AGC:

automatic gain control

ASIC:

application specific integrated circuit

AWGN:

additive white Gaussian noise

BOC:

binary offset carrier

BPSK:

binary phase-shift keying

CDMA:

code division multiple access

CL:

long code

CM:

moderate-length code

CMOS:

complementary metal oxide semiconductor

CPU:

central processing unit

CRC:

cyclic redundancy check

CRPA:

controlled radiation pattern antenna

CSAC:

chip scale atomic clock

DLL:

delay lock loop

DLR:

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt

DMA:

Defense Mapping Agency

DME:

distance measuring equipment

DSP:

digital signal processor

ESA:

European Space Agency

FAA:

US Federal Aviation Administration

FDMA:

frequency division multiple access

FEC:

forward error correction

FFT:

fast Fourier transform

FOC:

full operational capability

FPGA:

field programmable gate array

FRPA:

fixed radiation pattern antenna

GEO:

geostationary Earth orbit

GGTO:

GPS-to-Galileo time offset

GLONASS:

Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema (Russian Global Navigation Satellite System)

GMS:

ground mission segment

GNSS:

global navigation satellite system

GPS:

Global Positioning System

GRAM:

GPS receiver application module

HEO:

highly elliptical orbit

ICD:

interface control document

IEEE:

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IF:

intermediate frequency

IOV:

in-orbit validation

LHCP:

left-hand circular polarized

LNA:

low-noise amplifier

NH:

Neuman-Hofman (code)

NMEA:

National Marine Electronics Association

OCXO:

oven controlled crystal oscillator

OEM:

original equipment manufacturer

PCB:

printed circuit board

PDA:

personal digital assistant

PLL:

phase lock loop

PPP:

precise point positioning

PPS:

precise positioning service

RAIM:

receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

RF:

radio frequency

RHCP:

right-hand circular polarized

RTCA:

Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics

RTCM:

Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services

RTK:

real-time kinematic

SAASM:

selective availability anti-spoofing module

SA:

selective availability

SAW:

surface acoustic wave

SDR:

software defined radio

SoC:

system-on-a-chip

TACAN:

tactical air navigation (system)

TCXO:

temperature compensated crystal oscillator

TTFF:

time-to-first-fix

USGS:

United States Geological Survey

USNO:

United States Naval Observatory

UTC:

Coordinated Universal Time

WGS:

World Geodetic System

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank to Dr. Xingqun Zhan, Professor and Associate Dean of the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China for his support on early BeiDou receiver development in Sect. 13.1.5.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. of Space Technology and Space Applications, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany

    Bernd Eissfeller

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, 22212, Incheon, Korea

    Jong-Hoon Won

Authors
  1. Bernd Eissfeller
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Correspondence to Bernd Eissfeller .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6845, Perth, Australia

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  2. Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA, Delft, Netherlands

    Peter J.G. Teunissen

  3. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Oliver Montenbruck

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Eissfeller, B., Won, JH. (2017). Receiver Architecture. In: Teunissen, P.J., Montenbruck, O. (eds) Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42928-1_13

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