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The Basal Ganglia and Decision-Making in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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The Basal Ganglia

Part of the book series: Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience ((Innovations Cogn.Neuroscience))

Abstract

Decision-making is the process of choosing an appropriate series of goal-directed actions. It is a multidisciplinary topic that has been approached from different angles in various research fields including psychology, neuroscience, and economics. Our decisions are informed by our past (memory), dependent on the current situation (context), and are motivated by rewards. Basic reward features including magnitude, probability, and time play a central role in decision-making processes. Extensive research has explored the elements of decision-making in detailed computational models and demonstrated the potential neurophysiological mechanisms for decision-making using functional neuroimaging methods. There is an extensive literature on the role of basal ganglia-cortical circuits and dopamine in decision-making in healthy people and individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this chapter, we provide an overview of terms used in decision-making research and an overview of the behavioral and neural correlates of decision-making. This is followed by a description of how different aspects of decision-making are affected in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. Basic research provides a framework for analyzing potential pathological mechanisms within the basal ganglia-cortical circuits that contribute to decision-making deficits across different neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, disturbances in dopaminergic pathways and the regulation of these pathways could contribute to alterations in decision-making in disorders including Parkinson’s disease, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tourette syndrome, Schizophrenia, and Mood disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York Street, LCI 710, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA

    Sule Tinaz M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Room 109, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Chantal E. Stern D.Phil.

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  1. Sule Tinaz M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Chantal E. Stern D.Phil.
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Correspondence to Chantal E. Stern D.Phil. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Jean-Jacques Soghomonian

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Tinaz, S., Stern, C.E. (2016). The Basal Ganglia and Decision-Making in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Soghomonian, JJ. (eds) The Basal Ganglia. Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42743-0_15

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