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Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants: Diagnostic and Clinical Relevance

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Molecular Allergy Diagnostics

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Abstract

Many allergens are glycoproteins. However, the IgE reactivity of the relevant glycan moiety rarely seems to be of clinical relevance. This is not the case for galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a carbohydrate epitope present in the tissue of non-primate mammals, except the New World monkeys, and prosimians. IgE antibodies toward α-gal (anti-α-gal IgE) are associated not only with severe allergic reactions but also with delayed-type anaphylaxis. Allergologically relevant carbohydrate determinants, therefore, differ considerably in respect to structure, occurrence, association with clinical symptoms, and degree of severity.

This contribution is based on a publication by the authors that appeared in the Allergo Journal in 2013 (Jappe U, Petersen A, Raulf-Heimsoth M: Allergische Soforttypreaktionen und kreuzreaktive Kohlenhydratepitope (CCD). Allergo J 2013; 22: 25–32) and which has now been updated, expanded, and translated into English as a chapter for this book.

We are grateful to Dr. Ozan Angün of Lübeck University’s Department of Dermatology, Dr. Arne Homann, Div. of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, for the graphics used in Fig. 6.1, and Professor Arnd Petersen of Research Center Borstel for preparing Fig. 6.2 and reviewing the manuscript.

The authors gratefully thank Dr. Steve Love, PhD, Laguna Niguel, CA, USA, for reading the manuscript, helpful suggestions, and editorial assistance with the English translation.

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Abbreviations

α-gal:

Galactose-α-1,3-galactose

CAP:

Capsulated hydrophilic carrier polymer

CCD:

Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant

Fab:

Fragment antigen binding

FEIA:

Fluorescent enzyme immunoassay

HSA:

Human serum albumin

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

MBP:

Maltose-binding protein

MMX:

Man α-1,6 (Man α-1,3) (Xyl β-1,2) Man β-1,4 GlcNAc β-1,4 GlcNAc

α-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-[α-D-mannosyl-(1->3)]-[β-D-xylosyl-(1->2)]-β-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

MMXF3:

Man α-1,6 (Man α-1,3)-(Xyl β-1,2) Man β-1,4 GlcNAc β-1,4 (Fuc α-1,3) GlcNAc

α-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-[α-D-mannosyl-(1->3)]-[β-D-xylosyl-(1->2)]-β-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

MUXF:

Man α-1,6 (Xyl β-1,2) Man β-1,4 GlcNAc β-1,4 (Fuc α-1,3) GlcNAc

α-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-[β-D-xylosyl-(1->2)]-β-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)]-[α-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

MMF3F6:

Man α-1,6 (Man α-1,3) Man β-1,4 GlcNAc β-1,4 (Fuc α-1,3) (Fuc α-1,6) GlcNAc

α-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-[α-D-mannosyl-(1->3)]-β-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)]-[α-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-[α-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany

    U. Jappe MD, Prof.

  2. Interdisciplinary Allergy Unit, Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    U. Jappe MD, Prof.

  3. Center Allergology/Immunology, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    M. Raulf

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  1. U. Jappe MD, Prof.
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Correspondence to U. Jappe MD, Prof. .

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  1. Professor of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy and Asthma Center Westend Outpatient Clinic Hanf, Ackermann and Kleine-Tebbe, Berlin, Germany

    Jörg Kleine-Tebbe

  2. Professor of Dermatology and Allergology Chairman of the Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Gießen and Marburg Campus Gießen Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany

    Thilo Jakob

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Jappe, U., Raulf, M. (2017). Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants: Diagnostic and Clinical Relevance. In: Kleine-Tebbe, J., Jakob, T. (eds) Molecular Allergy Diagnostics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42499-6_6

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