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Epigenetics in Obesity and Esophageal Cancer

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Epigenetics, Energy Balance, and Cancer

Part of the book series: Energy Balance and Cancer ((EBAC,volume 11))

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Abstract

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic condition that is believed to develop in the esophagus due to chronic acid reflux and can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Obesity, a well-known risk factor for BE and EAC, may increase the risk for BE/EAC indirectly by increasing the frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux and directly through obesity-mediated inflammation and the secretion of cancer-promoting molecules by adipocytes. Epigenetic alterations, which are commonly seen in BE and EAC, have been associated with chronic inflammation in the esophagus and also with obesity in other tissues. There is emerging evidence that elevated BMI is associated with the altered DNA methylation observed in BE, dysplastic BE, and EAC tissues. There is also some suggestion that genes involved in cancer-related pathways and pathways implicated in obesity-related cancers and adipose-mediated inflammation (insulin, IGF-1) demonstrate altered methylation in obese individuals. Thus, obesity appears to influence the formation and progression of BE to EAC via epigenetic mechanisms.

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Abbreviations

BE:

Barrett’s esophagus

EAC:

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

LGD:

Low-grade dysplasia

HGD:

High-grade dysplasia

SQ:

Squamous esophagus

FFPE:

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded

HM450:

HumanMethylation450

UTR:

Untranslated region

DML:

Differentially methylated loci/locus

DMR:

Differentially methylated region

BMI:

Body mass index

NCI-PID:

National Cancer Institute Pathway Interaction Database

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

GO:

Gene ontology

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-111-Gastro, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA

    Andrew M. Kaz

  2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, D4-100, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA

    William M. Grady

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  1. Andrew M. Kaz
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  2. William M. Grady
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  1. Center for Science, Health & Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Nathan A. Berger

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Kaz, A.M., Grady, W.M. (2016). Epigenetics in Obesity and Esophageal Cancer. In: Berger, N. (eds) Epigenetics, Energy Balance, and Cancer. Energy Balance and Cancer, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41610-6_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41610-6_8

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