Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Obesity and Headache

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Comorbidities in Headache Disorders

Part of the book series: Headache ((HEAD))

  • 976 Accesses

Abstract

Obesity and headache are both highly prevalent conditions associated with substantial personal and societal impact. Population studies have consistently identified an association between obesity and headache in general and specifically in migraine. Age and sex substantially modify this risk, with obese individuals <50 years of age and women having the greatest risk. While the causal relationship is not known, obesity and migraine share overlapping central and peripheral mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. In addition, factors such as medications which modulate weight and lifestyle behaviors of migraineurs supply additional complexity to the obesity-migraine relationship. Currently there are no substantial data supporting a specific diet for overweight and obese migraineurs; and only limited research suggests bariatric surgery in obese episodic migraineurs that may be associated with reduced headache frequency and severity. Overall, clinicians treating migraine patients should take particular care in their choices of medications prescribed to their patients, given that many migraine drugs can modulate weight, and promote healthy lifestyle choices in regard to diet and exercise.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ajeganova S, Andersson ML, Hafstrom I, BARFOT Study Group. Association of obesity with worse disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis as well as with comorbidities: a long-term followup from disease onset. Arthritis Care Res. 2013;65(1):78–87. doi:10.1002/acr.21710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alberici A, Borroni B, Manelli F, Griffini S, Zavarise P, Padovani A, Dalla Volta G. Topiramate weight loss in migraine patients. J Neurol Sci. 2009;278(1–2):64–5. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.11.014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Andersen KK, Olsen TS. The obesity paradox in stroke: lower mortality and lower risk of readmission for recurrent stroke in obese stroke patients. Int J Stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc. 2015;10(1):99–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. The asia-pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. World Health Organization International Obesity Task Force. Sydney: Health Communications; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Barba R, Marco J, Ruiz J, Canora J, Hinojosa J, Plaza S, Zapatero-Gaviria A. The obesity paradox in stroke: impact on mortality and short-term readmission. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis Off J Natl Stroke Assoc. 2015;24(4):766–70. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.11.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Berilgen MS, Bulut S, Gonen M, Tekatas A, Dag E, Mungen B. Comparison of the effects of amitriptyline and flunarizine on weight gain and serum leptin, C peptide and insulin levels when used as migraine preventive treatment. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2005;25(11):1048–53. CHA956 [pii].

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bernecker C, Pailer S, Kieslinger P, Horejsi R, Moller R, Lechner A, Wallner-Blazek M, Weiss S, Fazekas F, Truschnig-Wilders M, Gruber HJ. GLP-2 and leptin are associated with hyperinsulinemia in non-obese female migraineurs. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2010;30(11):1366–74. doi:10.1177/0333102410364674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bhoi SK, Kalita J, Misra UK. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in migraine. J Headache Pain. 2012;13(4):321–6. doi:10.1007/s10194-012-0416-y.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Bic Z, Blix GG, Hopp HP, Leslie FM, Schell MJ. The influence of a low-fat diet on incidence and severity of migraine headaches. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 1999;8(5):623–30. doi:10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.623.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bigal ME, Lipton RB. Obesity is a risk factor for transformed migraine but not chronic tension-type headache. Neurology. 2006;67(2):252–7. 67/2/252 [pii].

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bigal ME, Tsang A, Loder E, Serrano D, Reed ML, Lipton RB. Body mass index and episodic headaches: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(18):1964–70. 167/18/1964 [pii].

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bingham S, Davey PT, Babbs AJ, Irving EA, Sammons MJ, Wyles M, Jeffrey P, Cutler L, Riba I, Johns A, Porter RA, Upton N, Hunter AJ, Parsons AA. Orexin-A, an hypothalamic peptide with analgesic properties. Pain. 2001;92(1–2):81–90. S0304-3959(00)00470-X [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Blau JN. Migraine prodromes separated from the aura: complete migraine. Br Med J. 1980;281(6241):658–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Bond DS, Thomas JG, O’Leary KC, Lipton RB, Peterlin BL, Roth J, Rathier L, Wing RR. Objectively measured physical activity in obese women with and without migraine. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2015;35(10):886–93. doi:10.1177/0333102414562970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bond DS, Vithiananthan S, Nash JM, Thomas JG, Wing RR. Improvement of migraine headaches in severely obese patients after bariatric surgery. Neurology. 2011;76(13):1135–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318212ab1e.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Bray GA. Drug insight: appetite suppressants. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;2(2):89–95. ncpgasthep0092 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Brown WJ, Mishra G, Kenardy J, Dobson A. Relationships between body mass index and well-being in young Australian women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord J Int Assoc Stud Obes. 2000;24(10):1360–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bruce SG, Riediger ND, Zacharias JM, Young TK. Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in a Canadian first nation population. Prev Chronic Dis. 2011;8(1):A03. A3 [pii].

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bunner AE, Agarwal U, Gonzales JF, Valente F, Barnard ND. Nutrition intervention for migraine: a randomized crossover trial. J Headache Pain. 2014;15:69. doi:10.1186/1129-2377-15-69.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carmienke S, Freitag MH, Pischon T, Schlattmann P, Fankhaenel T, Goebel H, Gensichen J. General and abdominal obesity parameters and their combination in relation to mortality: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(6):573–85. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chai NC, Gelaye B, Tietjen GE, Dash PD, Gower BA, White LW, Ward TN, Scher AI, Peterlin BL. Ictal adipokines are associated with pain severity and treatment response in episodic migraine. Neurology. 2015;84(14):1409–18. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001443.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Chai NC, Scher AI, Moghekar A, Bond DS, Peterlin BL. Obesity and headache: part I--a systematic review of the epidemiology of obesity and headache. Headache. 2014;54(2):219–34. doi:10.1111/head.12296.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Chen S, Binns CW, Zhang Y. The importance of definition in diagnosing obesity: a review of studies of children in China. Asia Pac J Public Health Asia Pac Acad Consortium Public Health. 2012;24(2):248–62. doi:10.1177/1010539512441617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults--the evidence report. National institutes of health. Obes Res. 1998;6(Suppl 2):51S–209S.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Coppola A, Diano S. Hormonal regulation of the arcuate nucleus melanocortin system. Front Biosci J Virtual Libr. 2007;12:3519–30. 2331 [pii].

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Crowley VE, Yeo GS, O’Rahilly S. Obesity therapy: altering the energy intake-and-expenditure balance sheet. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2002;1(4):276–86. doi:10.1038/nrd770.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Crystal SC, Robbins MS. Epidemiology of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010;14(6):449–54. doi:10.1007/s11916-010-0146-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Dearborn JL, Schneider AL, Gottesman RF, Kurth T, Pankow JS, Couper DJ, Rose KM, Williams MA, Peterlin BL. Adiponectin and leptin levels in migraineurs in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Neurology. 2014;83(24):2211–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001067.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Denuelle M, Fabre N, Payoux P, Chollet F, Geraud G. Hypothalamic activation in spontaneous migraine attacks. Headache. 2007;47(10):1418–26. HED776 [pii].

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Di Lorenzo C, Coppola G, Sirianni G, Di Lorenzo G, Bracaglia M, Di Lenola D, Siracusano A, Rossi P, Pierelli F. Migraine improvement during short lasting ketogenesis: a proof-of-concept study. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):170–7. doi:10.1111/ene.12550.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Duarte H, Teixeira AL, Rocha NP, Domingues RB. Increased serum levels of adiponectin in migraine. J Neurol Sci. 2014;342(1–2):186–8. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2014.04.035.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Feng XM, Mi WL, Xia F, Mao-Ying QL, Jiang JW, Xiao S, Wang ZF, Wang YQ, Wu GC. Involvement of spinal orexin A in the electroacupuncture analgesia in a rat model of post-laparotomy pain. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:225. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-225.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Ferrante T, Manzoni GC, Russo M, Camarda C, Taga A, Veronesi L, Pasquarella C, Sansebastiano G, Torelli P. Prevalence of tension-type headache in adult general population: the PACE study and review of the literature. Neurol Sci Off J Ital Neurol Soc Ital Soc Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;34 Suppl 1:S137–8. doi:10.1007/s10072-013-1370-4.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ford ES, Li C, Pearson WS, Zhao G, Strine TW, Mokdad AH. Body mass index and headaches: findings from a national sample of US adults. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2008;28(12):1270–6. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01671.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ford ES, Li C, Zhao G, Tsai J. Trends in obesity and abdominal obesity among adults in the United States from 1999–2008. Int J Obes (2005). 2011;35(5):736–43. doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Freeman JM, Kossoff EH. Ketosis and the ketogenic diet, 2010: advances in treating epilepsy and other disorders. Adv Pediatr. 2010;57(1):315–29. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2010.08.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gaul C, Bromstrup J, Fritsche G, Diener HC, Katsarava Z. Evaluating integrated headache care: a one-year follow-up observational study in patients treated at the essen headache centre. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:124. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-124.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Gelber RP, Gaziano JM, Orav EJ, Manson JE, Buring JE, Kurth T. Measures of obesity and cardiovascular risk among men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(8):605–15. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.066.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Greenberg JA. Obesity and early mortality in the United States. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2013;21(2):405–12. doi:10.1002/oby.20023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Guldiken B, Guldiken S, Demir M, Turgut N, Tugrul A. Low leptin levels in migraine: a case control study. Headache. 2008;48(7):1103–7. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01152.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Gunay Y, Jamal M, Capper A, Eid A, Heitshusen D, Samuel I. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass achieves substantial resolution of migraine headache in the severely obese: 9-year experience in 81 patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatric Surg. 2013;9(1):55–62. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2012.01.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Halford JC, Harrold JA, Boyland EJ, Lawton CL, Blundell JE. Serotonergic drugs: effects on appetite expression and use for the treatment of obesity. Drugs. 2007;67(1):27–55. 6714 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hamele SPR. 5-hydroxytryptamine involvement in migraines. In: Olesen J, Goadsby PJ, Ramadan NM, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA, editors. The headaches. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Haque B, Rahman KM, Hoque A, Hasan AT, Chowdhury RN, Khan SU, Alam MB, Habib M, Mohammad QD. Precipitating and relieving factors of migraine versus tension type headache. BMC Neurol. 2012;12:82. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-12-82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Hasselmark L, Malmgren R, Hannerz J. Effect of a carbohydrate-rich diet, low in protein-tryptophan, in classic and common migraine. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 1987;7(2):87–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Haugen F, Drevon CA. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB by high molecular weight and globular adiponectin. Endocrinology. 2007;148(11):5478–86. en.2007-0370 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Heinonen MV, Purhonen AK, Makela KA, Herzig KH. Functions of orexins in peripheral tissues. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2008;192(4):471–85. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01836.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Holland PR, Akerman S, Goadsby PJ. Orexin 1 receptor activation attenuates neurogenic dural vasodilation in an animal model of trigeminovascular nociception. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;315(3):1380–5. jpet.105.090951 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Holland PR, Akerman S, Goadsby PJ. Modulation of nociceptive dural input to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis via activation of the orexin 1 receptor in the rat. Eur J Neurosci. 2006;24(10):2825–33. EJN5168 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hsu WC, Araneta MR, Kanaya AM, Chiang JL, Fujimoto W. BMI cut points to identify at-risk asian americans for type 2 diabetes screening. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):150–8. doi:10.2337/dc14-2391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kajiyama S, Kawamoto M, Shiraishi S, Gaus S, Matsunaga A, Suyama H, Yuge O. Spinal orexin-1 receptors mediate anti-hyperalgesic effects of intrathecally-administered orexins in diabetic neuropathic pain model rats. Brain Res. 2005;1044(1):76–86. S0006-8993(05)00393-8 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Keith SW, Wang C, Fontaine KR, Cowan CD, Allison DB. BMI and headache among women: results from 11 epidemiologic datasets. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2008;16(2):377–83. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Khil L, Pfaffenrath V, Straube A, Evers S, Berger K. Incidence of migraine and tension-type headache in three different populations at risk within the German DMKG headache study. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2012;32(4):328–36. doi:10.1177/0333102411428953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Kos K, Harte AL, da Silva NF, Tonchev A, Chaldakov G, James S, Snead DR, Hoggart B, O’Hare JP, McTernan PG, Kumar S. Adiponectin and resistin in human cerebrospinal fluid and expression of adiponectin receptors in the human hypothalamus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(3):1129–36. jc.2006-1841 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Koseoglu E, Akboyraz A, Soyuer A, Ersoy AO. Aerobic exercise and plasma beta endorphin levels in patients with migrainous headache without aura. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2003;23(10):972–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kowacs PA, Piovesan EJ, Tepper SJ. Rejection and acceptance of possible side effects of migraine prophylactic drugs. Headache. 2009;49(7):1022–7. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01431.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kutlu S, Canpolat S, Sandal S, Ozcan M, Sarsilmaz M, Kelestimur H. Effects of central and peripheral administration of leptin on pain threshold in rats and mice. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3–4):193–6. NEL243403A07 [pii].

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Li C, Ford ES, McGuire LC, Mokdad AH. Increasing trends in waist circumference and abdominal obesity among US adults. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md). 2007;15(1):216–24. 15/1/216 [pii].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Ligong Z, Jinjin Q, Chunfu C, Congcong L, Xiaojun D. Effect of obesity and leptin level on migraineurs. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2015;21:3270–4. 894666 [pii].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Lin KC, Sagawa N, Yura S, Itoh H, Fujii S. Simultaneous increases of leptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone following exogenous estrogen administration in women with normally menstrual cycle. Endocr J. 2005;52(4):449–54. JST.JSTAGE/endocrj/52.449 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Diamond S, Diamond ML, Reed M. Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: data from the American migraine study II. Headache. 2001;41(7):646–57. hed01123 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Lyngberg AC, Rasmussen BK, Jorgensen T, Jensen R. Has the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache changed over a 12-year period? A Danish population survey. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20(3):243–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Maggioni F, Margoni M, Zanchin G. Ketogenic diet in migraine treatment: a brief but ancient history. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2011;31(10):1150–1. doi:10.1177/0333102411412089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Mattsson P. Migraine headache and obesity in women aged 40-74 years: a population-based study. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(8):877–80.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Mobarakeh JI, Takahashi K, Sakurada S, Nishino S, Watanabe H, Kato M, Naghdi N, Yanai K. Enhanced antinociception by intracerebroventricularly administered orexin A in histamine H1 or H2 receptor gene knockout mice. Pain. 2005;118(1–2):254–62. S0304-3959(05)00423-9 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Munno I, Marinaro M, Bassi A, Cassiano MA, Causarano V, Centonze V. Immunological aspects in migraine: Increase of IL-10 plasma levels during attack. Headache. 2001;41(8):764–7. hed01140 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Niedziela J, Hudzik B, Niedziela N, Gasior M, Gierlotka M, Wasilewski J, Myrda K, Lekston A, Poloński L, Rozentryt P. The obesity paradox in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29(11):801–12. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9961-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Nonogaki K, Strack AM, Dallman MF, Tecott LH. Leptin-independent hyperphagia and type 2 diabetes in mice with a mutated serotonin 5-HT2C receptor gene. Nat Med. 1998;4(10):1152–6. doi:10.1038/2647.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Novack V, Fuchs L, Lantsberg L, Kama S, Lahoud U, Horev A, Loewenthal N, Ifergane G. Changes in headache frequency in premenopausal obese women with migraine after bariatric surgery: a case series. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2011;31(13):1336–42. doi:10.1177/0333102411413162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Okifuji A, Hare BD. The association between chronic pain and obesity. J Pain Res. 2015;8:399–408. doi:10.2147/JPR.S55598.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Okosun IS, Choi ST, Boltri JM, Parish DC, Chandra KM, Dever GE, Lucas A. Trends of abdominal adiposity in white, black, and mexican-american adults, 1988 to 2000. Obes Res. 2003;11(8):1010–7. doi:10.1038/oby.2003.139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ornello R, Ripa P, Pistoia F, Degan D, Tiseo C, Carolei A, Sacco S. Migraine and body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Headache Pain. 2015;16:27. doi:10.1186/s10194-015-0510-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Orr SL. Diet and nutraceutical interventions for headache management: a review of the evidence. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2015. 0333102415590239 [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  74. Peterlin BL, Sacco S, Bernecker C, Scher AI. Adipokines and migraine: a systematic review. Headache. 2016;56(4):622–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Peterlin BL, Alexander G, Tabby D, Reichenberger E. Oligomerization state-dependent elevations of adiponectin in chronic daily headache. Neurology. 2008;70(20):1905–11. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000312278.40250.6e.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Peterlin BL, Bigal ME, Tepper SJ, Urakaze M, Sheftell FD, Rapoport AM. Migraine and adiponectin: is there a connection? Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2007;27(5):435–46. CHA1306 [pii].

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Peterlin BL, Rapoport AM. Clinical pharmacology of the serotonin receptor agonist, zolmitriptan. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2007;3(6):899–911. doi:10.1517/17425255.3.6.899.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Peterlin BL, Rosso AL, Rapoport AM, Scher AI. Obesity and migraine: the effect of age, gender and adipose tissue distribution. Headache. 2010;50(1):52–62.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Peterlin BL, Rosso AL, Williams MA, Rosenberg JR, Haythornthwaite JA, Merikangas KR, Gottesman RF, Bond DS, He JP, Zonderman AB. Episodic migraine and obesity and the influence of age, race, and sex. Neurology. 2013;81(15):1314–21. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a824f7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Peterlin BL, Tietjen GE, Gower BA, Ward TN, Tepper SJ, White LW, Dash PD, Hammond ER, Haythornthwaite JA. Ictal adiponectin levels in episodic migraineurs: a randomized pilot trial. Headache. 2013;53(3):474–90. doi:10.1111/head.12071.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1995;854:1–452.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Rahman M, Berenson AB. Accuracy of current body mass index obesity classification for white, black, and hispanic reproductive-age women. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(5):982–8. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181da9423.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Ramsden CE, Faurot KR, Zamora D, Suchindran CM, Macintosh BA, Gaylord S, Ringel A, Hibbeln JR, Feldstein AE, Mori TA, Barden A, Lynch C, Coble R, Mas E, Palsson O, Barrow DA, Mann JD. Targeted alteration of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for the treatment of chronic headaches: a randomized trial. Pain. 2013;154(11):2441–51. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.028.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Rist PM, Tzourio C, Kurth T. Associations between lipid levels and migraine: cross-sectional analysis in the epidemiology of vascular ageing study. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2011;31(14):1459–65. doi:10.1177/0333102411421682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Robberstad L, Dyb G, Hagen K, Stovner LJ, Holmen TL, Zwart JA. An unfavorable lifestyle and recurrent headaches among adolescents: the HUNT study. Neurology. 2010;75(8):712–7. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181eee244.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Robbins MS, Lipton RB. The epidemiology of primary headache disorders. Semin Neurol. 2010;30(2):107–19. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1249220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Rozen T, Swidan SZ. Elevation of CSF tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in new daily persistent headache and treatment refractory chronic migraine. Headache. 2007;47(7):1050–5. HED722 [pii].

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Sahler K. Epidemiology and cultural differences in tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012;16(6):525–32. doi:10.1007/s11916-012-0296-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Santos IS, Goulart AC, Passos VM, Molina Mdel C, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM. Obesity, abdominal obesity and migraine: a cross-sectional analysis of ELSA-brasil baseline data. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2015;35(5):426–36. doi:10.1177/0333102414544978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Saracco MG, Allais G, Tullo V, Zava D, Pezzola D, Reggiardo G, Omboni S, Benedetto C, Bussone G, Aguggia M. Efficacy of frovatriptan and other triptans in the treatment of acute migraine of normal weight and obese subjects: a review of randomized studies. Neurol Sci Off J Ital Neurol Soc Ital Soc Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;35 Suppl 1:115–9. doi:10.1007/s10072-014-1752-2.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Sarchielli P, Rainero I, Coppola F, Rossi C, Mancini M, Pinessi L, Calabresi P. Involvement of corticotrophin-releasing factor and orexin-A in chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache: findings from cerebrospinal fluid. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2008;28(7):714–22. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01566.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Scher AI, Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Lipton RB. Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study. Pain. 2003;106(1–2):81–9. S0304395903002938 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Schramm SH, Obermann M, Katsarava Z, Diener HC, Moebus S, Yoon MS. Epidemiological profiles of patients with chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. J Headache Pain. 2013;14:40. doi:10.1186/1129-2377-14-40.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Schutt M, Brinkhoff J, Drenckhan M, Lehnert H, Sommer C. Weight reducing and metabolic effects of topiramate in patients with migraine--an observational study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes Off J Ger Soc Endocrinol Ger Diabetes Assoc. 2010;118(7):449–52. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1248289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Stovner L, Hagen K, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Lipton R, Scher A, Steiner T, Zwart JA. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2007;27(3):193–210. CHA1288 [pii].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Taylor FR. Weight change associated with the use of migraine-preventive medications. Clin Ther. 2008;30(6):1069–80. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.06.005.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Tena-Sempere M, Pinilla L, Zhang FP, Gonzalez LC, Huhtaniemi I, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C, Aguilar E. Developmental and hormonal regulation of leptin receptor (ob-R) messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rat testis. Biol Reprod. 2001;64(2):634–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Tepper SJ, Dahlof CG, Dowson A, Newman L, Mansbach H, Jones M, Pham B, Webster C, Salonen R. Prevalence and diagnosis of migraine in patients consulting their physician with a complaint of headache: data from the landmark study. Headache. 2004;44(9):856–64. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04167.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6(10):772–83. nri1937 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Tsao TS, Tomas E, Murrey HE, Hug C, Lee DH, Ruderman NB, Heuser JE, Lodish HF. Role of disulfide bonds in Acrp30/adiponectin structure and signaling specificity. Different oligomers activate different signal transduction pathways. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(50):50810–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M309469200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Tsatsanis C, Zacharioudaki V, Androulidaki A, Dermitzaki E, Charalampopoulos I, Minas V, Gravanis A, Margioris AN. Adiponectin induces TNF-alpha and IL-6 in macrophages and promotes tolerance to itself and other pro-inflammatory stimuli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;335(4):1254–63. S0006-291X(05)01667-0 [pii].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Tsujino N, Sakurai T. Role of orexin in modulating arousal, feeding, and motivation. Front Behav Neurosci. 2013;7:28. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00028.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Van Itallie TB. Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103(6 (Pt 2)):983–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Varkey E, Cider A, Carlsson J, Linde M. A study to evaluate the feasibility of an aerobic exercise program in patients with migraine. Headache. 2009;49(4):563–70. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01231.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Verrotti A, Agostinelli S, D’Egidio C, Di Fonzo A, Carotenuto M, Parisi P, Esposito M, Tozzi E, Belcastro V, Mohn A, Battistella PA. Impact of a weight loss program on migraine in obese adolescents. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20(2):394–7. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03771.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Verrotti A, Carotenuto M, Altieri L, Parisi P, Tozzi E, Belcastro V, Esposito M, Guastaferro N, Ciuti A, Mohn A, Chiarelli F, Agostinelli S. Migraine and obesity: metabolic parameters and response to a weight loss programme. Pediatr Obes. 2015;10(3):220–5. doi:10.1111/ijpo.245.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Vo M, Ainalem A, Qiu C, Peterlin BL, Aurora SK, Williams MA. Body mass index and adult weight gain among reproductive age women with migraine. Headache. 2011;51(4):559–69.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Wang Y, Xie J, Yang F, Wu S, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu H, Deng X, Yu S. The prevalence of primary headache disorders and their associated factors among nursing staff in North China. J Headache Pain. 2015;16:4. doi:10.1186/1129-2377-16-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante Jr AW. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2003;112(12):1796–808. doi:10.1172/JCI19246.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet (London, England). 2004;363(9403):157–63. S0140-6736(03)15268-3 [pii].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. WHO global health observatory (GHO) data. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/overweight/en/.

  112. Winsvold BS, Hagen K, Aamodt AH, Stovner LJ, Holmen J, Zwart JA. Headache, migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: the HUNT study. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18(3):504–11. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03199.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Winter AC, Berger K, Buring JE, Kurth T. Body mass index, migraine, migraine frequency and migraine features in women. Cephalalgia. 2009;29(2):269–78.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Winter AC, Wang L, Buring JE, Sesso HD, Kurth T. Migraine, weight gain and the risk of becoming overweight and obese: a prospective cohort study. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2012;32(13):963–71. 0333102412455708 [pii].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Wober C, Brannath W, Schmidt K, Kapitan M, Rudel E, Wessely P, Wöber-Bingöl C, PAMINA Study Group. Prospective analysis of factors related to migraine attacks: the PAMINA study. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2007;27(4):304–14. CHA1279 [pii].

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Yu S, Liu R, Yang X, Zhao G, Qiao X, Feng J, Fang Y, Cao X, He M, Steiner TJ. Body mass index and migraine: a survey of the chinese adult population. J Headache Pain. 2012;13(7):531–6. doi:10.1007/s10194-012-0470-5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. Zhang Q, Zhao X, Chen M, Fang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y. Weight gain and changes in plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations after 12-month insulin intensive therapy for chinese male patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015. S1871-403X(15)00148-9 [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Interventional Pain Medicine, Fresno, CA, USA

    Cindy N. Chai

  2. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    B. Lee Peterlin

  3. Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Ann I. Scher

  4. Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

    Simona Sacco

Authors
  1. Cindy N. Chai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Lee Peterlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ann I. Scher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Simona Sacco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Lee Peterlin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy

    Maria Adele Giamberardino

  2. Clinical and Molecular Medicine Dept, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

    Paolo Martelletti

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chai, C.N., Peterlin, B.L., Scher, A.I., Sacco, S. (2017). Obesity and Headache. In: Giamberardino, M., Martelletti, P. (eds) Comorbidities in Headache Disorders. Headache. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41454-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41454-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41452-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41454-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation