Abstract
Urinary tract malformations can often be demonstrated already in prenatal age. They are usually represented by urinary tract dilatations, the most frequently detected alteration at obstetric ultrasound examination, with an incidence up to about 4.5 % of pregnancies (possible causes are shown in Table 9.1).
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Notes
- 1.
Normal values for bladder wall thickness are ≤0.3 cm for distended bladder and ≤0.5 cm for empty bladder
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Degl’Innocenti, M.L., Piaggio, G. (2017). Children’s Kidney and Urinary Tract Congenital Anomalies. In: Martino, P., Galosi, A. (eds) Atlas of Ultrasonography in Urology, Andrology, and Nephrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40782-1_9
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