Abstract
Urolithiasis is a frequent complaint at emergency department. The classic presentation is an abrupt, unilateral severe pain in the flank that radiates inferiorly and anteriorly to the groin. The typical pain is described as crampiform (“waxing and waning”) and the acute phases may last 20–60 min. The pain occurs with the passage of the stone within the ureter with consequent obstruction of excretory system, while patients with small, non-obstructing stones may be asymptomatic or experience moderate symptoms. Patients may also refer intense nausea with or without vomiting and hematuria. When the stone approaches the ureterovesical junction, lower-quadrant pain, urinary frequency, dysuria, or stranguria may occur.
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Barozzi, L., Capannelli, D., Valentino, M., Bertolotto, M. (2017). Kidney Stones. In: Martino, P., Galosi, A. (eds) Atlas of Ultrasonography in Urology, Andrology, and Nephrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40782-1_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40782-1_5
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