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Nutrition and Insulin Resistance During Childhood and Adolescence

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Research into Childhood-Onset Diabetes

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Abstract

Insulin resistance could be defined as “the decreased tissue response to insulin-mediated cellular actions and is the inverse of insulin sensitivity [1].” A critical effect of insulin resistance is a delayed and unsuitable release of insulin after meals. Physiologic properties of insulin are impaired at normal plasma levels [2]. The incidence of insulin resistance during childhood and adolescence varies notably, according to gender and race [3]. Patients with insulin resistance store excess calories as fats and increase gluconeogenesis from proteins and fatty acids. This metabolic phenotype has been defined as “thrifty phenotype” and a multifactorial pathogenesis has been suggested [2]. However, there are conflicting data about the role of environmental and genetic factors, and several genetic loci remain controversial (see Table 9.1) [4–14].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini, 5, I-66100, Chieti, Italy

    Simone Franchini, Annalisa Blasetti & Francesco Chiarelli

  2. Clinical Research Center, Center of Excellence on Aging, “G. D’Annunzio” University Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

    Francesco Chiarelli

Authors
  1. Simone Franchini
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  2. Annalisa Blasetti
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  3. Francesco Chiarelli
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Correspondence to Francesco Chiarelli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Diabetology Unit Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Scaramuzza

  2. Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicin, Université du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Carine de Beaufort

  3. Department of Paediatrics, Uddevalla Hospital, Uddevalla, Sweden

    Ragnar Hanas

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Franchini, S., Blasetti, A., Chiarelli, F. (2017). Nutrition and Insulin Resistance During Childhood and Adolescence. In: Scaramuzza, A., de Beaufort, C., Hanas, R. (eds) Research into Childhood-Onset Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40242-0_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40242-0_9

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40242-0

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