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Insulin and Immunotherapy in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

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Research into Childhood-Onset Diabetes

Abstract

Insulin treatment has improved very much in recent years. There are not only better and more useful insulin analogues, but pump therapy has improved, and the combination with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has meant a great step forward. Furthermore, closed-loop systems knock on the door for becoming part of clinical practice. Even though we do not know the result of the last modern devices, we have to admit that in spite of intensive treatment, type 1 diabetes (T1D) up to now causes unacceptable morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Furthermore, treatment of the disease remains a heavy burden for the patient and also a heavy burden for the healthcare systems. The aim must be to cure T1D and at best also prevent this disease which should be eradicated in the same way as, e.g. polio. However, the cause of T1D is still unknown. Efforts to prevent the disease have failed [3–5]. Transplantation of the pancreas has so far developed to no more than a rare alternative for highly selected patients with life-threatening complications, and islet cell transplantation will not become a solution until several problems are solved such as rejection and islet survival, and not least until successful, stem cell research produce enough beta cells to transplant.

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Acknowledgements

Our immune intervention studies have been generously supported by Barndiabetesfonden (the Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation), Swedish Research Council, the Research Council of Southeast Sweden, Juvenile Research Diabetes Foundation, and ALF (Swedish Government and Östergötland County Council). Diamyd Medical has given unrestricted grants for studies of GAD-alum interventions.

A large number of collaborators and staff members are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Johnny Ludvigsson MD, PhD

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  1. Johnny Ludvigsson MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Johnny Ludvigsson MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Diabetology Unit Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Scaramuzza

  2. Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicin, Université du Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Carine de Beaufort

  3. Department of Paediatrics, Uddevalla Hospital, Uddevalla, Sweden

    Ragnar Hanas

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Disclosure

Diamyd Medical has been/is the sponsor for the phase II/III trials and has also given financial support for the investigator-initiated mechanistic studies. Diamyd Medical AB was involved in the planning of the phase II study, but thereafter, this study was performed completely free from the influence of funding sources, and the same is true for the phase III trials. Investigators had free access to the raw data and could publish without sponsor consent.

The Linköping Diabetes Immune Intervention Study Group

Johnny Ludvigsson MD, PhD, Rosaura Casas, PhD, Ass prof, Hugo Barcenilla PhD postdoc, Beatriz Tavira Iglesias PhD postdoc, Linda Åkerman PhD student, Louise Magnusson PhD student, Ingela Johansson BMA, Gosia Smolinska BMA.

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Ludvigsson, J. (2017). Insulin and Immunotherapy in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. In: Scaramuzza, A., de Beaufort, C., Hanas, R. (eds) Research into Childhood-Onset Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40242-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40242-0_3

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