Abstract
Governments need reliable data on crime in order to both devise adequate policies, and allocate the correct revenues so that the measures are cost-effective, i.e., the money spent in prevention, detection, and handling of security incidents is balanced with a decrease in losses from offenses. The availability of multiple contrasting figures on cyber-attacks checks the accurate assessment of the cost-effectiveness of current and future policies for cyber space. What factors contribute to the costing equation is not clearly understood with wide variation in methodologies used. The most relevant literature in this field is reviewed and analysed against quantitative insights provided by the CyberROAD survey to stakeholders. Research gaps are highlighted to determine the issues that need addressing to provide a solid ground for future legislative and regulatory actions at national and international levels.
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Notes
- 1.
Google search on 13/02/15.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
Estimate of average - range is up to 0.9 % of GDP - high-income countries incur higher losses.
- 5.
Based on share to EU GDP. Figures on GDP are available on the IMF website.
- 6.
CyberDefcon estimate which if only allowing for inflation & not increase is revenues.
- 7.
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Acknowledgement
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-SEC-2013) as the CyberROAD project (Development of the Cybercrime and Cyber-terrorism Research Roadmap) under grant agreement no 607642. Davide Ariu & Giorgio Giacinto of UNICA contributed to an early version of the document.
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Armin, J., Thompson, B., Kijewski, P. (2016). Cybercrime Economic Costs: No Measure No Solution. In: Akhgar, B., Brewster, B. (eds) Combatting Cybercrime and Cyberterrorism. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38930-1_8
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