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Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Hair Regeneration

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Cell Engineering and Regeneration

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering ((TIENRE))

  • 208 Accesses

Abstract

The hair follicle (HF), forming embryonically through cutaneous epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, is a sophisticated multifunctional organ. In addition to its protective, thermoregulatory, mechanosensory, and piloerectile functions, it is also essential for social communication. HFs repeatedly cycle through resting (telogen), growing (anagen), and regressing (catagen) phases in life. Prolonged arrest in telogen or disruption of anagen can result in unwanted hair loss or alopecia. Hair regeneration from telogen is fueled by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) located in the secondary hair germ and the bulge epithelium. HFSCs are subject to non-cell-autonomous regulation by their niche. HFSC niche cells can be categorized into modules of signaling, sensing, and message-relaying functions that enable HFSCs to adapt their regenerative activities according to varying physiological needs and environmental changes. Niche dysfunction can lead to alopecia. For example, androgenetic alopecia, i.e., male pattern hair loss, is caused by dysfunctional HF dermal papilla cells, while alopecia areata, i.e., spot baldness, results from infiltration of autoreactive T cells into HFs. In addition to telogen-to-anagen regeneration, anagen HFs can adopt another regenerative scheme of anagen HF repair (AHFR) when damaged. Basal HF epithelial cells outside the HFSC compartments reserve a concealed progenitor property with plastic cell fate choices. By mobilizing these nonconventional basal progenitor cells, AHFR restores lost structures to resume the disrupted anagen and avoids premature catagen entry, as seen in the dystrophic anagen pathway following chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic injuries. Targeting disease-specific niche pathology and enhancing the intrinsic regenerative programs of AHFR can therefore help to develop new strategies for the treatment of hair loss.

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Abbreviations

AHFR:

Anagen hair follicle repair

HF:

Hair follicle

HFSC:

Hair follicle stem cell

IRS:

Inner root sheath

ORS:

Outer root sheath

SC:

Stem cell

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Taiwan Bio-Development Foundation (TBF) (to SJL), Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST107-2314-B-002-064-MY3; 108-2811-B-002-583), National Taiwan University Hospital (UN108-029, 109S4567, 108-T17, 109-T17), and Taiwan National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX108-10811EI, NHRI-EX109-10811EI).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Sung-Jan Lin & Wen-Yen Huang

  2. Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

    Sung-Jan Lin & Jin-Bon Hong

  3. Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Sung-Jan Lin

  4. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Sung-Jan Lin

  5. Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chih-Chiang Chen

  6. Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chih-Chiang Chen

  7. Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chih-Chiang Chen

  8. 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

    Mingxing Lei

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  1. Sung-Jan Lin
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  2. Wen-Yen Huang
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  3. Chih-Chiang Chen
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  4. Mingxing Lei
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  5. Jin-Bon Hong
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung-Jan Lin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tulane Univ. Sch. of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Jeffrey M. Gimble

  2. AUVA Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimen, Wien, Wien, Austria

    Darja Marolt Presen

  3. Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Richard Oreffo

  4. Experimental and Clinical Traumatol, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for, Wien, Austria

    Heinz Redl

  5. AUVA Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimen, Vienna, Austria

    Susanne Wolbank

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Lin, SJ., Huang, WY., Chen, CC., Lei, M., Hong, JB. (2020). Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Hair Regeneration. In: Gimble, J., Marolt Presen, D., Oreffo, R., Redl, H., Wolbank, S. (eds) Cell Engineering and Regeneration. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-37076-7_12-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-37076-7_12-1

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