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PACAP as a Potential Biomarker: Alterations of PACAP Levels in Human Physiological and Pathological Conditions

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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 11))

Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with wide distribution and diverse effects. Its presence has not only been revealed in the nervous system and peripheral organs, but also in the blood and other biological fluids. Although PACAP is rapidly cleaved in the blood by peptidases, increasing number of evidence has been published in the last 10 years that show alterations of PACAP levels in different pathological conditions. The present review summarizes results obtained in the human blood and other fluids under normal, physiological and pathological conditions with clinical relevance, such as pregnancy and delivery, as well as in several diseases. Most clinical data have been obtained so far in neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, migraine, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral hemorrhage, but some other diseases have also been shown to be accompanied by alterations of PACAP levels. These results indicate that the altered levels may have diagnostic and/or prognostic values in several diseases.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the following grants: OTKA K104984, 115874, 119759, Arimura Foundation, TAMOP 4.2.4.A/2-11-1-2012-0001 “National Excellence Program”, New National Excellence Program (UNKP), Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, MTA-PTE “Lendulet” Program, PTE AOK KA Research Grant, and the National Brain Research Programmes A and B (KTIA_NAP_13-2014-0022 and KTIA_13_NAP-A-III/5, Research site ID number: 888819, Hungary). This work is dedicated to the 650th anniversary of the University of Pecs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Szigeti u 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary

    Dora Reglodi, Reka A. Vass & Andrea Tamas

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Zsuzsanna Helyes

  3. Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Zsuzsanna Helyes

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    Jozsef Nemeth

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  1. Dora Reglodi
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  2. Zsuzsanna Helyes
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  3. Jozsef Nemeth
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  4. Reka A. Vass
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  5. Andrea Tamas
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Correspondence to Dora Reglodi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Dora Reglodi

  2. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Andrea Tamas

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Reglodi, D., Helyes, Z., Nemeth, J., Vass, R.A., Tamas, A. (2016). PACAP as a Potential Biomarker: Alterations of PACAP Levels in Human Physiological and Pathological Conditions. In: Reglodi, D., Tamas, A. (eds) Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35135-3_48

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