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Molecular Evolution of Pituitary Adenylyl Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Subfamily and Cognate Receptor Subfamily

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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 11))

Abstract

The evolution of the secretin/pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) family of peptides in relation to three rounds of genome duplication events occurred during vertebrate emergency has been an area of intense research focus in the past 10 years. This is possible mostly due to the advance in DNA sequencing technology; as a result, genomic DNA sequence data of representative species of evolutionarily important lineage that cover both vertebrates and invertebrates are released. By bioinformatics, data mining, molecular cloning, phylogenetic studies, and synteny analysis, we are now beginning to comprehend the evolution of various peptide ligands and their receptors from invertebrates to vertebrates. In summary, these pieces of information support the establishment of current vertebrate PACAP and PACAP receptor subfamilies via two whole-genome duplications. To date, the most ancient forms of PACAP/glucagon identified are from cephalochordate and urochordate prior to the 2R. The confirmation of bfPACAP/glucagon receptor-ligand pair indicates the origin of PACAP/glucagon peptides and receptor before the cephalochordate–vertebrate split. By gene and genome duplications, the ancestral PACAP/glucagon and receptor evolved to become PACAP and glucagon ligand and receptor subfamilies as observed in tetrapods today.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Jason S. W. On & Billy K. C. Chow

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  1. Jason S. W. On
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Correspondence to Billy K. C. Chow .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Dora Reglodi

  2. Department of Anatomy MTA-PTE “Lendulet” PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary

    Andrea Tamas

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On, J.S.W., Chow, B.K.C. (2016). Molecular Evolution of Pituitary Adenylyl Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Subfamily and Cognate Receptor Subfamily. In: Reglodi, D., Tamas, A. (eds) Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide — PACAP. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35135-3_1

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