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Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Oncology ((CCO))

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually develops in patients with chronic liver disease, those accompanied by cirrhosis in particular. Ultrasonography (US) and tumor marker tests play important roles in HCC surveillance in patients with chronic liver disease and are widely used. The primary prevention of HCV-related HCC includes strategies for the prevention of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and for viral eradication. Regarding the former, novel HCV transmission in the general population has been declining in many countries, as evidenced by the lower prevalence of HCV infection among younger generations. In the recent progress of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against HCV, interferon (IFN)-free treatments are now available for compensated or decompensated cirrhosis and their effect on the prevention should be further investigated. The possibility of curative treatment depends on both tumor stage and liver function. Effective treatments for HCC include percutaneous ablation, surgical resection, and liver transplantation. Both percutaneous ablation and surgical resection provide a high rate of complete responses and are assumed to improve survival that should exceed 50 % at 5 years. Liver transplantation shows a better survival rate and is not contraindicated by advanced liver dysfunction. However, its application is limited by the scarcity of donor organs. Although short-term prognosis of HCC patients has been much improved recently due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment, long-term prognosis is as yet far from satisfactory due to frequent recurrence. Prevention of HCC recurrence remains as one of the most challenging tasks in current hepatology.

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Abbreviations

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

IFN:

Interferon

UTRs:

Untranslated lesions

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

NS:

Nonstructural

DAA:

Direct-acting antiviral

SVR:

Sustained virologic rate

US:

Ultrasonography

CT:

Computed tomography

NASH:

Nonalcohlolic steatohepatitis

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

MDCT:

Multi-detector computed tomography

AFP:

Alpha fetoprotein

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor

SUV:

Standardized uptake value

QALY:

Quality-adjusted life-year

DCP:

Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Ave. MRB4, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA

    Ryota Masuzaki

  2. Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan

    Tatsuo Kanda

  3. Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Haruhiko Yoshida

  4. The Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan

    Naoya Kato

  5. Yamanashi Prefectural Hospital Organization, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0027, Japan

    Masao Omata

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  1. Ryota Masuzaki
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  2. Tatsuo Kanda
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  3. Haruhiko Yoshida
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  4. Naoya Kato
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  5. Masao Omata
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Correspondence to Ryota Masuzaki or Masao Omata .

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  1. Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey

    Brian I. Carr

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Masuzaki, R., Kanda, T., Yoshida, H., Kato, N., Omata, M. (2016). Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Carr, B. (eds) Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Current Clinical Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34214-6_17

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