Abstract
Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal can be divided into three general patterns: avulsion of the tuberosity (type 1), Jones fractures (type 2), and diaphyseal stress fractures (type 3) [1]. Tuberosity fractures can be extra-articular or may involve the metatarsocuboid joint (Fig. 1). Jones fractures involve the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction and extend transversely and medially into the four to five intermetatarsal joint (Figs. 1 and 2). Unlike tuberosity fractures, which reliably heal, Jones fractures have a nonunion rate between 7 % and 28 % [2, 3]. In addition, one third of Jones fractures treated conservatively may go on to closed refracture [1]. Diaphyseal stress fractures occur distal to the four to five intermetatarsal joint (Fig. 1) and are usually associated with prodromal symptoms. Torg [2] divides diaphyseal stress fractures into three types: acute fractures with sharp margins, delayed unions with a widened fracture line and intramedullary sclerosis, and established nonunions with complete obliteration of the canal.
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References
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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
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Saluta, J.R., Nunley, J.A., Scott, A. (2016). Percutaneous Fixation of Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures. In: Scuderi, G., Tria, A. (eds) Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopedics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34109-5_76
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34109-5_76
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