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Ceramics, Marbles and Stones in the Light of Neutrons: Characterization by Various Neutron Methods

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Neutron Methods for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Part of the book series: Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques ((NEUSCATT))

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Abstract

In this chapter we give a brief overview of neutron based analytical investigations applied to study archaeological ceramics, and different types of stones. Since the vast majority of archaeological objects are made of ceramics and various stones—all are of geological origin—, one of the key objectives of these studies to determine the origin of raw material. This research is called provenance research, and a wide range of neutron based methods are applicable in it. Following a very basic, user-oriented description of the methods, we introduce examples from our everyday practice. The examples are about provenance of prehistoric stone tools, about the sources of 4th–3rd c. B.C. millennium limestone idols found in the South of Portugal, as well as about the characterization of 15th–16th c. A.D. Inka pottery. A very unique application of combined neutron techniques was aimed to determine the inner content of an Eighteenth Dynasty Egyptian sealed vessel. In addition, investigations of samples from different epochs and characterization of marbles are presented.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Section written by Zsolt Kasztovszky and Katalin T. Biró.

  2. 2.

    Section written by Judit Zöldföldi and Zsolt Kasztovszky.

  3. 3.

    Section written by M. Isabel Dias and António Valera.

  4. 4.

    Section written by Veronika Szilágyi.

  5. 5.

    Section written by Emmanuel Abraham, Maryelle Bessou, Zsolt Kasztovszky.

  6. 6.

    Section written by Fabrizio LoCelso and Valerio Benfante.

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Acknowledgments

The neutron-based experiments have been performed at the Budapest Neutron Centre, Hungary and at the FRMII, Germany. Most of the above mentioned research projects (the study of prehistoric stone objects, lapis lazuli, stone idols, the Egyptian vessel) have been performed using the financial support by the Transnational Access to Research Infrastructures activity in the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (CHARISMA Grant Agreement n. 228330).

The provenance study of prehistoric stone objects was also supported by the OTKA Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Grant K 100385).

The archaeological project was carried out with the permission of the Dirección Nacional de Arqueología, Bolivia, and was financially supported by the OTKA Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Grant T 047048), the Curtiss T. and Mary G. Brennan Foundation and the Heinz Foundation.

The colleagues from the Centre for Energy Research are thankful to Jesse L. Weil for the careful proofreading.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1121 Konkoly-Thege str. 29-33, Budapest, Hungary

    Zsolt Kasztovszky & Veronika Szilágyi

  2. Hungarian National Museum, H-1088 Múzeum krt. 14-16, Budapest, Hungary

    Katalin T. Biró

  3. Institute of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Judit Zöldföldi

  4. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares. Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Estrada Nacional 10, ao km 139,7, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal

    M. Isabel Dias

  5. Era Arqueologia, Núcleo de Investigação Arqueológica – NIA, Cç. de Santa Catarina, 9C, 1495-705, Cruz Quebrada – Dafundo, Portugal

    António Valera

  6. Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArHEB), Universidade do Algarve, Campo de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal

    António Valera

  7. University of Bordeaux, LOMA, CNRS UMR, 5798, Talence, France

    Emmanuel Abraham

  8. University of Bordeaux, PACEA, CNRS UMR, 5199, Pessac, France

    Maryelle Bessou

  9. DiFC, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy

    Fabrizio LoCelso & Valerio Benfante

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  1. Zsolt Kasztovszky
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  2. Veronika Szilágyi
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  3. Katalin T. Biró
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  6. António Valera
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  7. Emmanuel Abraham
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  10. Valerio Benfante
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Correspondence to Zsolt Kasztovszky .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Materials, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Nikolay Kardjilov

  2. Physics Department, NAST Centre, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Giulia Festa

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Kasztovszky, Z. et al. (2017). Ceramics, Marbles and Stones in the Light of Neutrons: Characterization by Various Neutron Methods. In: Kardjilov, N., Festa, G. (eds) Neutron Methods for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33163-8_6

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