Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Mathematical Model of Discharge Coefficient for Prosthetic Valves’ Performance Evaluation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
XIV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2016

Part of the book series: IFMBE Proceedings ((IFMBE,volume 57))

  • 111 Accesses

Abstract

The measurement of a cardiac valve’s area is a common procedure, usually performed with noninvasive, Doppler-based techniques. Such measurements are not, however, without problems: a potential source of errors is the value of a valve’s discharge coefficient.

In-vitro pressure and flow measurements relative to the bileaflet valve of four brands were performed. A total of 12 valve samples was studied to cover the entire range of valve sizing. The data were used in the Gorlin formula for valve area measurements, and the dependence of the discharge coefficient on the internal diameter of the valve and the flow rate was accurately determined.

The reported results can be used in a great number of follow-up clinical assessments to improve the accuracy of valvular orifice measurements.

The original version of this chapter was inadvertently published with an incorrect chapter pagination 682–687 and DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_132. The page range and the DOI has been re-assigned. The correct page range is 688–693 and the DOI is 10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_133. The erratum to this chapter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_260

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_260

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Laffort P, Roudaut R, Roques X, et al. Early and long-term (one-year) effects of the association of aspirin and oral anticoagulant on thrombi and morbidity after replacement of the mitral valve with the St. Jude medical prosthesis: a clinical and transesophageal echocardiographic study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2000; 35(3):739-46

    Google Scholar 

  2. Unal M, Sanisoglu I, Konuralp C, et al. Ultrasonic decalcification of calcified valve and annulus during heart valve replacement. Texas Heart Institute Journal 1996 23(2):85-7

    Google Scholar 

  3. Eguaras MG, Montero A, Moriones I et al. Conservative operation for mitral stenosis with densely fibrosed or partially calcified valves. An eight-year evaluation. Journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery 1987; 93(6):898-903

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gorlin R, Gorlin SG. Hydraulic formula for calculation of the area of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts. Am. Heart J. 1951; 41:1-29

    Google Scholar 

  5. Skjaerpe T, Hegrenaes L, Hatle L. Noninvasive estimation of valve area in patients with aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound and two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation. 1985;72(4):810-8.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Laskey WK, Kussmaul WG. Pressure recovery in aortic valve stenosis. Circulation. 1994;89(1):116-21.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Albes JM, Hartrumpf M, Rudolph V, Krempl T, Huttemann E, Vollandt R, Wahlers T. Are mechanical valves with enhanced inner diameter advantageous in the small sized aortic annulus? Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;76(5):1564-70.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Grigioni M, Daniele C, D’Avenio G, Barbaro V. Hemodynamical performance of small-size bileaflet valves: pressure drop and LDA study comparison of three prostheses. Artificial Organs 2000; 24 (12).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Baumgartner H. Khan SS. DeRobertis M. Czer LS. Maurer G. Doppler assessment of prosthetic valve orifice area: An in vitro study. Circulation 1992; 85(6): 2275-2283

    Google Scholar 

  10. Degroff CG. Shandas R. Valdes-Cruz L. Analysis of the effect of flow rate on the Doppler continuity equation for stenotic orifice area calculations: A numerical study. Circulation 1998; 97(16): 1597-1605

    Google Scholar 

  11. Voelker W., Reul H., Nienhaus G., et al. Comparison of valvular resistance, stroke work loss, and Gorlin valve area for quantification of aortic stenosis. An in vitro study in a pulsatile aortic flow model. Circulation 1995; 91(4):1196-204

    Google Scholar 

  12. Niederberger J. Schima H. Maurer G. Baumgartner H. Importance of pressure recovery for the assessment of aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound. Role of aortic size, aortic valve area, and direction of the stenotic jet in vitro. Circulation 1996; 94(8):1934-40

    Google Scholar 

  13. White FM. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schoephoerster R, Chandran KB. Effect of systolic flow rate on the prediction of effective prosthetic valve orifice area. J Biomech 1989; 22(6-7):705-15

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gorlin R. Calculations of cardiac valve stenosis: restoring an old concept for advanced applications. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1987; 9:1294-1305.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Grigioni M., Daniele C., D’Avenio G., Barbaro V. Laser Doppler anemometry study of bidimensional flows downstream of three 19-mm bileaflet valves in the mitral position, under kinematic similarity” Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2000; 28(2):194-203

    Google Scholar 

  17. Barbaro V, Grigioni M, Daniele C, D’Avenio G, Boccanera G. 19 mm sized bileaflet valve prostheses’ flow field investigated by bidimensional laser Doppler anemometry (part I: velocity profiles). Int J Artif Organs 1997; 20(11):622-8

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chandran KB, Cabell GN, Khalighi B, Chen CJ. Laser anemometry measurements of pulsatile flow past aortic valve prostheses. J. Biomech. 1983; 16: 865-973

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hanle DD, Harrison EC, Yoganathan AP, Allen DT, Corcoran WH. In vitro flow dynamics of four prosthetic aortic valves: a comparative analysis. J. Biomech. 1989; 22:597-607

    Google Scholar 

  20. Barbaro V, Grigioni M, Daniele C, D’Avenio G. Principal stress analysis in LDA measurement of the flow field downstream of 19-mm Sorin Bicarbon heart valve. Technol Health Care. 1998;6(4):259-70.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cannon SR. Richards KL. Crawford MH. Folland ED. Pierpont G. Sethi GK. Hammermeister KE. Inadequacy of the Gorlin formula for predicting prosthetic valve area. American Journal of Cardiology 1988; 62(1):113-6

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cannon SR. Richards KL. Crawford M. Hydraulic estimation of stenotic orifice area: a correction of the Gorlin formula. Circulation 1985; 71(6):1170-8

    Google Scholar 

  23. Souza-Campos F., Del-Boca A. Schoephoerster RT. Effect of simulated valvular stenoticity on predicted flow area for a bileaflet valve using the Gorlin equation. Artificial Organs 1996; 20(3):218-26

    Google Scholar 

  24. De Paulis R, Sommariva L, De Matteis GM, et al. Hemodynamic performances of small diameter Carbomedics and St. Jude valves. J Heart Valve Dis 1996; 5 Suppl 3:S339-43

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sung H. W., Cape E. G., Yoganathan A. P. In vitro fluid dynamic evaluation of the Carbomedics bileaflet heart valve prosthesis in the aortic and mitral positions. J. Heart Valve Dis. 1994; 3:673-683

    Google Scholar 

  26. Butterfield M., Fisher J., Davies GA., Spyt TJ. Comparative study of the hydrodynamic function of the CarboMedics valve. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 52(4):815-820

    Google Scholar 

  27. Izzat MB, Birdi I, Wilde P, Bryan AJ, Angelini GD. Comparison of hemodynamic performances of St. Jude Medical and CarboMedics 21 mm aortic prostheses by means of dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;111(2):408-15

    Google Scholar 

  28. Fisher J. Comparative study of the hydrodynamic function of six size 19 mm bileaflet heart valves. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1995; 9(12):692-695

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kadir I, Wan IY, Walsh C, Wilde P, Bryan AJ, Angelini GD. Hemodynamic performance of the 21-mm Sorin Bicarbon mechanical aortic prostheses using dobutamine Doppler echocardiography. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72(1):49-53.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Laske A, Jenni R, Maloigne M, Vassalli G, Bertel O, Turina MI. Pressure gradients across bileaflet aortic valves by direct measurement and echocardiography. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61(1):48-57

    Google Scholar 

  31. Chafizadeh ER and Zoghbi WA. Doppler echocardiographic assessment of the St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve in the aortic position using the continuity equation. Circulation, 1991; 83:213-223.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Vandervoort PM, Greenberg NL, Powell KA, Cosgrove DM, Thomas JD. Pressure recovery in bileaflet heart valve prostheses. Localized high velocities and gradients in central and side orifices with implications for Doppler-catheter gradient relation in aortic and mitral position. Circulation 1995;92(12):3464-72

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kupari M, Koskinen P. Systolic flow velocity profile in the left ventricular outflow tract in persons free of heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72(15):1172-8

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Technolgy and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy

    Giuseppe D’Avenio, Carla Daniele & Mauro Grigioni

Authors
  1. Giuseppe D’Avenio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carla Daniele
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mauro Grigioni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Efthyvoulos Kyriacou

  2. Biomedical Research Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Stelios Christofides

  3. Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Constantinos S. Pattichis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

D’Avenio, G., Daniele, C., Grigioni, M. (2016). A Mathematical Model of Discharge Coefficient for Prosthetic Valves’ Performance Evaluation. In: Kyriacou, E., Christofides, S., Pattichis, C. (eds) XIV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2016. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 57. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_133

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_133

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32701-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32703-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation