Skip to main content

Caving Process and Seismic Hazard

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mine Seismology: Data Analysis and Interpretation

Abstract

Palabora experience indicates that seismic hazard and seismic risk change with the caving process but these changes are not always corresponding (Glazer 2012). In this chapter I have used the recorded seismic data to describe the methodology for monitoring the seismic risk. It is interesting to note that presented results based on the analysis of independent of each other parameters (for example energy release of small events, time histories and the Peak Particle Velocity of larger size seismicity) resulted in good agreement. It is important to recognize that some of the parameters are derived from the same seismic source values. In such case the analysis results do not complement each other but simply repeat each other. In this paragraph I do not propose an absolute scale for the seismic risk description. All results are relative and describe the changes in seismic risk over time. From presented in this paragraph analysis it emerges that with the caving process the highest seismic hazard is associated with initiation of the caving progress and then with the cave breaking through. This paragraph describes the methodology that allows for monitoring the changes in the seismic risk. As the seismic risk is directly associated with the stress levels then its estimations should result in more accurate seismic risk approximation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Dunn MJ (2005) Seismicity in a scattered mining environment—A rock engineering interpretation. In: Potvin Y, Hudyma M (eds) Sixth international symposium on Rockbursts and seismicity in mines, proceedings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, pp 337–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Durrheim RJ, Cichowicz A, Ebrahim-Trollope R, Essrich RF, Goldbach O, Linzer L, Spottiswoode SM, Stankiewicz T, van Aswegen G (2007a) Minimising the Rockburst risk (Phase 2) Output 3: guidelines, standards and best practice for seismic hazard assessment and Rockburst risk management. Research agency: CSIR Division of Mining Technology Project number: SIM 05 03 02. Accessed 6 March 2007

    Google Scholar 

  • Durrheim RJ, Cichowicz A, Ebrahim-Trollope R, Essrich F, Goldnach O, Linzer LM, Spottiswoode SM, Stankiewicz T (2007b) Guidelines, standards and best practice for seismic hazard assessment and rockburst risk management. In: Proceedings of SANIRE 2007, 30–31 Aug 2007, Maccauvlei, South Africa, pp 136–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahim-Trollope R, Jooste Y (2005) Seismic hazard quantification. In: Potwin Y, Hudyna M (eds) Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, pp 157–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández LM (1987) Estimation of seismic hazard for Phalaborwa. Report no 0178. Geological Survey, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández LM, Plessis A (1992) Seismic hazard maps for Southern Africa. Geological Survey, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández LM, Graham G (1993) Estimation of the earthquake hazard for the Phalaborwa area Transvaal. Report no 0193. Geological Survey, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández LM, Graham G (1995) An assessment of seismic hazard at Phalaborwa in terms of ground acceleration and probable damage. Report no 0174. Geological Survey, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibowicz SJ, Kijko A (1994) An introduction to mining seismology. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibowicz SJ, Lasocki S (2001) Seismicity induced by mining: ten years later. advances in geophysics, vol 44. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibowicz SJ, Harjes HP, Schäfer M (1990) Source parameters of seismic events at Heinrich Roberts Mine, Ruhr basin, Federal Republic of Germany: evidence of non double-couple events. Bull Seismol Soc Am 80:88–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibowicz SJ, Young RP, Talebi S, Rawlence DJ (1991) Source parameters of seismic events at the Underground Research Laboratory in Manitoba, Canada: scaling relations for the events with moment magnitude smaller than -2. Bull Seismol Soc Am 81:1157–1182

    Google Scholar 

  • Glazer SN (2012) Caving process and seismic risk changes, The Palabora Mining Company experience. In: Conference proceedings MassMin 2012, 6th International conference and exhibition an mass mining, June 10–14, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, on disk, June 12 Session. Applied Geomechanics in Mining

    Google Scholar 

  • Kijko A, Graham G (1998) “Parametric-Historic” procedure for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Part 1: assessment of the maximum regional magnitude Mmax. Pure Appl Geophys 152:413–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kijko A, Lasocki S, Graham G (2001) Non-parametric seismic hazard in Mines. Pure Appl Geophys 158 (Birkhäuser Verlag, Besel 2001):1655–1675

    Google Scholar 

  • Madariaga R (1976) Dynamics of expanding circular fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am 66:639–666

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarr A (1998) Review. Pure and Applied. Geophysics 152:179–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendecki AJ (ed) (1997) Seismic monitoring in mines. Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendecki AJ, van Aswegen G (2005) Seismic monitoring in mines: selected terms and definitions. In: Potvin Y, Hudyma M (eds) Sixth international symposium on Rockbursts and seismicity in mines proceedings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, pp 563–570

    Google Scholar 

  • Snoke J A (1987) Stable determination of (Brune) stress drop. Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:530–538

    Google Scholar 

  • van Aswegen G (2005) Routine seismic hazard assessment in some South African mines. In: Potvin Y, Hudyma M (eds) Six international symposium on Rockbursts and seismicity in mines proceedings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, pp 437–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyss M, Brune JN (1968) Seismic moment, stress and source dimensions for earthquakes in the California-Nevada region. J Geophys Res 73:4581–4694

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. N. Glazer .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Glazer, S.N. (2016). Caving Process and Seismic Hazard. In: Mine Seismology: Data Analysis and Interpretation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32612-2_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics