Skip to main content

Assessment and Psychological Interventions for Depression Comorbid with Cardiovascular Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cardiovascular Diseases and Depression
  • 1233 Accesses

Abstract

Depression is common in those with cardiovascular disease and is independently associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. On this account identifying and treating depression are of utmost importance in this group. In this chapter we consider tools to screen for depression in cardiac patients and review the evidence of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for depression in those with cardiovascular disease, including stroke.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Antony MM, Bieling PJ, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Swinson RP (1998) Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychol Assess 10:176–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arkowitz H, Westra HA (2004) Integrating motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and anxiety. J Cogn Psychother 18:337–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, Carney RM, Catellier D, Cowan MJ, Czajkowski SM, Debusk R, Hosking J, Jaffee A, Kaufmann PG, Mitchell P, Norman J, Powell LH, Raczynski JM, Schneiderman N (2003) Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) randomized trial. JAMA: J Am Med Assoc 289:3106–3116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bredie SJH, Fouwels AJ, Wollersheim H, Schippers GM (2011) Effectiveness of nurse based motivational interviewing for smoking cessation in high risk cardiovascular outpatients: a randomized trial. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 10:174–179

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broomfield NM, Laidlaw K, Hickabottom E, Murray MF, Pendrey R, Whittick JE, Gillespie DC (2011) Post stroke depression: the case for augmented, individually tailored cognitive behavioural therapy. Clin Psychol Psychother 18:202–217

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burton LJ, Tyson S (2015) Screening for mood disorders after stroke: a systematic review of psychometric properties and clinical utility. Psychol Med 45:29–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT (2006) The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clin Psychol Rev 26:17–31

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter CJ (2010) A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables in predicting behavior. Health Commun 25:661–669

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chair SY, Chan SW-C, Thompson DR, Leung K-P, Ng SK-C, Choi KC (2012) Short-term effect of motivational interviewing on clinical and psychological outcomes and health-related quality of life in cardiac rehabilitation patients with poor motivation in Hong Kong: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol 19:1383–1392

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colquhoun DM, Bunker SJ, Clarke DM, Glozier N, Hare DL, Hickie IB, Tatoulis J, Thompson DR, Tofler GH, Wilson A, Branagan MG (2013) Screening, referral and treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease. Med J Aust 198:483–484

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cuijpers P, Berking M, Andersson G, Quigley L, Kleiboer A, Dobson KS (2013) A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, alone and in comparison with other treatments. Can J Psychiatry/La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 58:376–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison GC (2000) Stepped care: doing more with less? J Consult Clin Psychol 68:580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis KE, Goldberg AP (1996) Weight control self-efficacy types and transitions affect weight-loss outcomes in obese women. Addict Behav 21:103–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickens C, Cherrington A, Adeyemi I, Roughley K, Bower P, Garrett C, Bundy C, Coventry P (2013) Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-regression. Psychosom Med 75(2):211–221. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31827ac009.Epub2013Jan16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Driessen E, Hollon SD (2010) Cognitive behavioral therapy for mood disorders: efficacy, moderators and mediators. Psychiatr Clin North Am 33:537–555

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Galvin R, Marsden D, Hambridge J, Quinn R, Bareham N, Wood D, Jordan L, Boyle K, Kneebone I, Cadilhac D (2014) The protocol for an implementation project: Identification of Altered Mood After Stroke (IAMAS). Int J Stroke 9:14

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbody S, Richards D, Brealey S, Hewitt C (2007) Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): a diagnostic meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 22:1596–1602

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gillham S, Clark L (2011) Psychological care after stroke: improving stroke services for people with cognitive and mood disorders. NHS Improvement–Stroke, Leicester

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloaguen V, Cottraux J, Cucherat M, Blackburn I-M (1998) A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 49:59–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gloster AT, Rhoades HM, Novy D, Klotsche J, Senior A, Kunik M, Wilson N, Stanley MA (2008) Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety and stress scale-21 in older primary care patients. J Affect Disord 110:248–259

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Groeneveld I, Proper K, Van der Beek A, Van Mechelen W (2010) Sustained body weight reduction by an individual-based lifestyle intervention for workers in the construction industry at risk for cardiovascular disease: results of a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 51:240–246

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groeneveld I, Proper K, van der Beek A, Hildebrandt V, van Mechelen W (2011) Short and long term effects of a lifestyle intervention for construction workers at risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 11:836

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grohn B, Brown K, Finch E, Worrall L, Simmons-mackie N (2013) Aphasia ASK (Access, Success, Knowledge) program: an intervention program designed to help meet the needs of people with aphasia early during rehabilitation. Speech Pathol Aust Conf, Broadbeach, Queensland, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulliksson M, Burell G, Vessby B, Lundin L, Toss H, Svärdsudd K (2011) Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy vs standard treatment to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease: secondary prevention in uppsala primary health care project (suprim). Arch Intern Med 171:134–140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett ML, Pickles K (2014) Part I: frequency of depression after stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Stroke 9:1017–1025

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett ML, Anderson CS, House A, Halteh C (2008) Interventions for preventing depression after stroke. Cochrane Libr

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardcastle SJ, Taylor AH, Bailey MP, Harley RA, Hagger MS (2013) Effectiveness of a motivational interviewing intervention on weight loss, physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomised controlled trial with a 12-month post-intervention follow-up. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 10:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare DL, Davis CR (1996) Cardiac depression scale: validation of a new depression scale for cardiac patients. J Psychosom Res 40:379–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haworth J, Moniz‐Cook E, Clark A, Wang M, Cleland J (2007) An evaluation of two self report screening measures for mood in an out-patient chronic heart failure population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 22:1147–1153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann N, Black SE, Lawrence J, Szekely C, Szalai JP (1998) The Sunnybrook stroke study: a prospective study of depressive symptoms and functional outcome. Stroke 29:618–624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holahan CJ, Moos RH, Holahan CK, Cronkite RC, Randall PK (2003) Drinking to cope and alcohol use and abuse in unipolar depression: a 10-year model. J Abnorm Psychol 112:159–165

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horne R, Weinman J (1999) Patients’ beliefs about prescribed medicines and their role in adherence to treatment in chronic physical illness. J Psychosom Res 47:555–567

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacka FN, Berk M (2013) Depression, diet and exercise. Med J Aust 199:S21–S23

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kneebone II (2016) A framework to support cognitive behavior therapy for emotional disorder after stroke. Cogn Behav Pract 23:99–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Kneebone I. Stepped psychological care after stroke. Disabil Rehabil (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kneebone I, Baker J, O’Malley H (2010) Screening for depression after stroke: developing protocols for the occupational therapist. Br J Occup Ther 73:71–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kneebone II, Neffgen LM, Pettyfer SL (2012) Screening for depression and anxiety after stroke: developing protocols for use in the community. Disabil Rehabil 34:1114–1120

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kneebone I, Stone N, Robertson S, Walker-Samuel N (2013) Screening for depression after stroke: occupational therapists’ performance to protocols. Occup Ther Mental Health 29:106–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konttinen H, Männistö S, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva S, Silventoinen K, Haukkala A (2010) Emotional eating, depressive symptoms and self-reported food consumption. A population-based study. Appetite 54:473–479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kop WJ, Stein PK, Tracy RP, Barzilay JI, Schulz R, Gottdiener JS (2010) Autonomic nervous system dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality risk associated with depression. Psychosom Med 72:626

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW (2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16:606–613

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW (2003) The patient health questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care 41:1284–1292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kronish IM, Rieckmann N, Halm EA, Shimbo D, Vorchheimer D, Haas DC, Davidson KW (2006) Persistent depression affects adherence to secondary prevention behaviors after acute coronary syndromes. J Gen Intern Med 21:1178–1183

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kutlubaev MA, Hackett ML (2014) Part II: predictors of depression after stroke and impact of depression on stroke outcome: an updated systematic review of observational studies. Int J Stroke 9:1026–1036

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee Y, Park K (2008) Does physical activity moderate the association between depressive symptoms and disability in older adults? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:249–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesher EL, Berryhill JS (1994) Validation of the geriatric depression scale-short form among inpatients. J Clin Psychol 50:256–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lespérance F, Frasure-Smith N, Koszycki D, Laliberté M-A, VAN Zyl LT, Baker B, Swenson JR, Ghatavi K, Abramson BL, Dorian P (2007) Effects of citalopram and interpersonal psychotherapy on depression in patients with coronary artery disease: the Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) trial. JAMA 297:367–379

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln N, Flannaghan T (2003) Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for depression following stroke A randomized controlled trial. Stroke 34:111–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln N, Flannaghan T, Sutcliffe L, Rother L (1997) Evaluation of cognitive behavioural treatment for depression after stroke: a pilot study. Clin Rehabil 11:114–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln N, Sutcliffe L, Unsworth G (2000) Validation of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQ) for use with patients in hospital. Clin Neuropsychol Assess 1:88–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln NB, Kneebone II, Macniven JA, Morris RC (2012) Psychological management of stroke. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH (1995) The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther 33:335–343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marc LG, Raue PJ, Bruce ML (2008) Screening performance of the 15-item geriatric depression scale in a diverse elderly home care population. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16:914–921

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mcgill HC, Mcmahan CA, Gidding SS (2008) Preventing heart disease in the 21st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. Circulation 117:1216–1227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B (2011) Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva, World Health Organization

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller WR, Rollnick S (2009) Ten things that motivational interviewing is not. Behav Cogn Psychother 37:129–140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WR, Rollnick S (2012) Motivational interviewing: helping people change. Guilford press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery B, Evans L (1984) You and stress: a guide to successful living. Nelson, Melbourne, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris PL, Robinson RG, Andrzejewski P, Samuels J, Price TR (1993) Association of depression with 10-year poststroke mortality. Am J Psychiatry 150:124–129

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Health Service (2014) Improving access to psychological therapies [Online]. National Health Service. Available: http://www.iapt.nhs.uk/iapt/. Accessed 27 Apr 2015

  • National Stroke Foundation (2010) Clinical guidelines for stroke management [Online]. Available: http://strokefoundation.com.au/site/media/clinical_guidelines_stroke_managment_2010_interactive.pdf. Accessed 27 Nov 2014

  • Rasquin S, van de Sande P, Praamstra A, van Heugten C (2009) Cognitive-behavioural intervention for depression after stroke: five single case studies on effects and feasibility. Neuropsychol Rehabil 19:208–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubak S, Sandbæk A, Lauritzen T, Christensen B (2005) Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract 55:305–312

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons-Mackie N (2013) A systems approach to training potential communication partners of people with aphasia. SIG 12 Perspect Augmentative Altern Commun 22:21–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spielmans GI, Berman MI, Usitalo AN (2011) Psychotherapy versus second-generation antidepressants in the treatment of depression: a meta-analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis 199:142–149

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strachowski D, Khaylis A, Conrad A, Neri E, Spiegel D, Taylor CB (2008) The effects of cognitive behavior therapy on depression in older patients with cardiovascular risk. Depress Anxiety 25:E1–E10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutcliffe L, Lincoln N (1998) The assessment of depression in aphasic stroke patients: the development of the stroke aphasic depression questionnaire. Clin Rehabil 12:506–513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas SA, Walker MF, Macniven JA, Haworth H, Lincoln NB (2013) Communication and Low Mood (CALM): a randomized controlled trial of behavioural therapy for stroke patients with aphasia. Clin Rehabil 27:398–408

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson DR, Chair SY, Chan SW, Astin F, Davidson PM, Ski CF (2011) Motivational interviewing: a useful approach to improving cardiovascular health? J Clin Nurs 20:1236–1244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tully PJ, Baker RA (2012) Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: a contemporary and practical review. J Geriatr Cardiol 9(2):197–208

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Turner-Stokes L, Kalmus M, Hirani D, Clegg F (2005) The Depression Intensity Scale Circles (DISCs): a first evaluation of a simple assessment tool for depression in the context of brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1273–1278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins CL, French B (2009) Psychological intervention poststroke ready for action? Stroke 40:2951–2952

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins CL, Auton MF, Deans CF, Dickinson HA, Jack CI, Lightbody CE, Sutton CJ, van den Broek MD, Leathley MJ (2007) Motivational interviewing early after acute stroke a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 38:1004–1009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westra H (2004) Managing resistance in cognitive behavioural therapy: the application of motivational interviewing in mixed anxiety and depression. Cogn Behav Ther 33:161–175

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whalley B, Thompson DR, Taylor RS (2014) Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease: cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Med 21:109–121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams LS, Brizendine EJ, Plue L, Bakas T, Tu W, Hendrie H, Kroenke K (2005) Performance of the PHQ-9 as a screening tool for depression after stroke. Stroke 36:635–638

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • World Heart Federation (2015) Cardiovascular disease risk factors [Online]. World Heart Federation. Available: http://www.world-heart-federation.org/cardiovascular-health/cardiovascular-disease-risk-factors/. Accessed 27 Apr 2015

  • Worrall L, Ryan B, Hudson K, Kneebone II, Simmons-Mackie N, Khan A, Hoffman T, Power E, Togher L, Rose M (2016) Reducing the psychosocial impact of aphasia on mood and quality of life in people with aphasia and the impact of caregiving in family members through the aphasia action success knowledge (Aphasia ASK) program: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials

    Google Scholar 

  • Yesavage JA, Sheikh JI (1986) Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Clin Gerontol 5:165–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67:361–370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Evelyn Smith .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smith, E., Kneebone, I. (2016). Assessment and Psychological Interventions for Depression Comorbid with Cardiovascular Disease. In: Baune, B., Tully, P. (eds) Cardiovascular Diseases and Depression. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32480-7_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32480-7_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32478-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32480-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics