Skip to main content

Four-Level Model of Health-Promoting Leadership

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Healthy at Work

Abstract

We here present a management model developed by Spiess and Stadler. It is employers’ responsibility to protect the health of their employees, and employees’ well-being is a core resource for organizational success. Indeed, an organization cannot achieve long-term success without healthy employees. High-quality results can be achieved most effectively by healthy, motivated employees. Spiess’ and Stadler’s management model has four levels. The first, the heart of the model, is described as goal- and task-oriented management, in which leadership is defined as goal-oriented exertion of influence. The second level comprises staff-oriented management and support. The third level relates to the design of work and organizational processes, another important indicator of a good leadership culture. The fourth level refers to the creation of a health-promoting management and organizational culture. The consequences of using this model will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adelman MB (1988) Cross-cultural adjustment: a theoretical perspective on social support. Int J Intercult Relat 12:183–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avanzia L, van Dick R, Fraccarolia F et al (2012) The downside of organizational identification: relations between identification, workaholism and well-being. Work Stress 26(3):289–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avolio BJ, Gardner WL (2005) Authentic leadership development: getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. Leader Q 16:315–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass BM (1990) From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision. Organ Dyn 18(5):19–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass BM (1999) Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 8:9–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bono JE, Foldes HJ, Vinson G et al (2007) Workplace emotions: the role of supervision and leadership. J Appl Psychol 92(5):1357–1367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brodbeck KH (2007) Entscheidung zur Kreativität (Decision to be creative). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen S, Wills TA (1985) Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull 98:310–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper CL, Cartwright S (1994) Healthy mind; healthy organization—A proactive approach to occupational stress. Hum Relat 4:455–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper CL, Roden J (1985) Mental health and satisfaction amongst tax officers. Soc Sci Med 21(7):474–751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dücker B (1995) Stress, Kontrolle und soziale Unterstützung im industriellen Bereich (Stress, control and social support in the industrial sector). Holos, Bonn

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke F, Felfe J (2011) How does transformational leadership impact employees’ psychological strain? Examining differentiated effects and the moderating role of commitment. Leadership 7:295–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frese M, Semmer N (1991) Stressfolgen in Abhängigkeit von Moderatorvariablen: Der Einfluß von Kontrolle und sozialer Unterstützung (Stress consequences in dependence of moderator variables: the influence of control and social support). In: Greif S, Bamberg E, Semmer N (eds) Psychischer Stress am Arbeitsplatz (Psychological stress at work). Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 135–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbreath B, Benson PG (2004) The contribution of supervisor behaviour to employee psychological well-being. Work Stress 18(3):255–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glazer S (2006) Social support across cultures. Int J Intercult Relat 30:605–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurt J, Schwennen C, Elke G (2011) Health-specific leadership: is there an association between leader consideration for the health of employees and their strain and well-being? Work Stress 25(2):108–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart PM, Cooper CL (2001) Occupational stress: toward a more integrated framework. In: Anderson N, Ones DS, Sinangil HK, Viswesvaran C (eds) Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology. Sage, London, pp 93–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckhausen D (2000) Einflussfaktoren auf Fehlzeiten und Maßnahmen dagegen. Organisationsberatung Supervision Clin Manage 2:109–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • House RH, Hanges PJ, Javidan M (eds) (2004) Culture, leadership and organizations: the Globe study of 62 societies. Sage, Thousand Oaks

    Google Scholar 

  • Landy FJ, Conte J (2010) Work in the 21th century, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Laschinger HKS, Wong C, McMahon L et al (1999) Leader behavior impact on staff nurse empowerment, job tension, and work effectiveness. J Nurs Admin 5:28–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus RS, Folkman S (1984) Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Madjar N (2008) Emotional and informational support from different sources and employee creativity. J Occup Organ Psychol 81(1):83–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng TWH, Sorensen KL (2008) Toward a further understanding of the relationships between perceptions of support and work attitudes: a meta-analysis. Group Organ Manage 33(3):243–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen K, Cleal B (2011) Under which conditions do middle managers exhibit transformational leadership behaviors?—an experience sampling method study on the predictors of transformational leadership behaviors. Leader Q 22:344–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podsiadlowski A, Vauclair M, Spiess E et al (2013) Social support on international assignments: the relevance of socio-emotional support from locals. Int J Psychol 48(4):563–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quick JC, Macik-Frey M, Cooper CL (2007) Managerial dimensions of organizational health: the healthy leader at work. J Manage Stud 44(2):189–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt KH (1996) Wahrgenommenes Vorgesetztenverhalten, Fehlzeiten und Fluktuation. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie 40(2):54–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Skakon J, Nielsen K, Borg V et al (2010) Are leaders’ well-being, behaviours and style associated with the affective well-being of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research. Work Stress 24:107–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sosik JJ, Godshalk VM (2000) Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job-related stress: a conceptual model and preliminary study. J Organ Behav 21:365–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spiess E, Stadler P (2007) Gesundheitsförderliches Führen—Defizite erkennen und Fehlbelastungen der Mitarbeiter reduzieren (Health-promoting management—to recognize deficits and to reduce loads). In: Weber A, Hörmann G (eds) Psychosoziale Gesundheit im Beruf. Genter, Stuttgart, pp 255–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Stadler P, Spiess E (2003) Psychosoziale Gefährdung am Arbeitsplatz (Psychosocial endangerment in the workplace). Wirtschaftsverlag NW GmbH, Bremerhaven

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erika Spiess .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Spiess, E., Stadler, P. (2016). Four-Level Model of Health-Promoting Leadership. In: Wiencke, M., Cacace, M., Fischer, S. (eds) Healthy at Work . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32331-2_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics