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Contemporary Methods for Quantifying Submarine Groundwater Discharge to Coastal Areas

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Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources

Part of the book series: Advances in Water Security ((AWS))

Abstract

Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD), which represents subsurface exchange of water between land and ocean, is a major component of the hydrological cycle. Until the mid-1990s, it was generally believed that SGD rates were not large enough to influence ocean water budgets. This thought might be due to the difficulty in quantifying rates of SGD, because most SGD occurs as diffusive flow, rather than discrete spring flow. However, there is a growing recognition that the submarine discharge of fresh groundwater into coastal oceans is just as important as river discharge in some areas of the coastal ocean. Due to growing ecological concerns about SGD, there is considerable progress on research about SGD with particular emphasis on how to quantify and trace the SGD, and to develop some forecasting or predictive capability of SGD rates based on climatic and seasonal effects. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the methods used to quantify SGD to coastal areas and summarizes the previous studies on SGD. In addition, this chapter also discusses driving forces of groundwater flow through coastal aquifers, mechanism of groundwater seawater interaction and some other important issues that are necessary to understand the methods for quantifying SGD in coastal areas. The main goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the applied methodologies to quantify SGD in coastal areas, which in turn will allow researchers, coastal zone managers, and others to choose appropriate methods that meet their specific project requirements.

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Abbreviations

CFC:

Chlorofluorocarbons

GIS:

Geographical information system

IAEA:

International Atomic Energy Agency

IAPSO:

International Association of Physical Sciences of the Oceans

IHP:

International Hydrological Program

IOC:

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

LOICZ:

Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone

OBC:

Optical backscattering

PMC:

Particulate matter concentration

Ra:

Radium

Rn:

Radon

RSGD:

Recirculated saline groundwater discharge

SCOR:

Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research

SE:

South East

SF6 :

Sulphur hexafluoride

SFGD:

Submarine fresh groundwater discharge

SFGD:

Submarine fresh groundwater discharge

SGR:

Submarine groundwater recharge

SPE:

Submarine porewater exchange

TABI:

Thermal airborne broadband imager

TIR:

Thermal infrared

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA

    Ram L. Ray

  2. Civil Engineering Department, Hydraulics Lab, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey

    Ahmet Dogan

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  1. Ram L. Ray
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  2. Ahmet Dogan
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Correspondence to Ram L. Ray .

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  1. Prairie View A&M University, College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View, Texas, USA

    Ali Fares

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Ray, R.L., Dogan, A. (2016). Contemporary Methods for Quantifying Submarine Groundwater Discharge to Coastal Areas. In: Fares, A. (eds) Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources. Advances in Water Security. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32008-3_12

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