Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Peyronie’s Disease: Natural History, Diagnosis, and Medical Therapy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Abstract

Peyronie’s disease is an acquired disorder of penis resulting from inflammation. This largely results in physical changes which include penile curvature and plaque formation, functional changes including erectile dysfunction, as well as significant psychological symptoms. Careful physical and psychosexual examination is necessary to properly identify the stage and extent of the disease. The use of adjunct diagnostic tools including B-mode ultrasound imaging as well as color duplex imaging significantly aids in the ability to better offer prognostic information to the patient and direct different treatment options. Multiple medical therapies exist with variable response rates, and currently there is only one FDA-approved treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Musitelli S, Bossi M, Jallous H. A brief historical survey of “Peyronie’s disease”. J Sex Med. 2008;5(7):1737–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lindsay MB, Schain DM, Grambsch P, Benson RC, Beard CM, Kurland LT. The incidence of Peyronie’s disease in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1984. J Urol. 1991;146:1007–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Smith B. Subclinical Peyronie’s disease. Am J Clin Pathol. 1969;52:385–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Sommer F. Epidemiology of Peyronie’s disease. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14:379–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rhoden E. Prevalence of Peyronie’s disease in men over 50-y-old from Southern Brazil. Int J Impot Res. 2001;13:291–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mulhall J. Subjective and objective analysis of the prevalence of Peyronie’s disease in a population of men presenting for prostate cancer screening. J Urol. 2004;171:2350–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Shiraishi K, Shimabukuro T, Matsuyama H. The prevalence of Peyronie’s disease in Japan: a study in men undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and routine health checks. J Sex Med. 2012;9(10):2716–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lue T. The anatomy of the tunica albuginea in the normal penis and Peyronie’s disease. J Urol. 1997;157:276–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Smith JF, Brant WO, Fradet V, Shindel AW, Vittinghoff E, Chi T, et al. Penile sonographic and clinical characteristics in men with Peyronie’s disease. J Sex Med. 2009;6(10):2858–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Mechanisms of penile fibrosis. J Sex Med. 2009;6 Suppl 3:353–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sommers KD. Fibrin deposition in Peyronie’s disease plaque. J Sex Med. 1997;157:311–5.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lue T. Peyronie’s disease—an anatomically-based hypothesis and beyond. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14:411–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rhoden EL, Riedner CE, Fuchs SC, Ribeiro EP, Halmenschlager G. A cross-sectional study for the analysis of clinical, sexual and laboratory conditions associated to Peyronie’s disease. J Sex Med. 2010;7(4 Pt 1):1529–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Deveci S, Hopps CV, O’Brien K, Parker M, Guhring P, Mulhall JP. Defining the clinical characteristics of Peyronie’s disease in young men. J Sex Med. 2007;4(2):485–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Capogrosso P, Colicchia M, Ventimiglia E, Castagna G, Clementi MC, Suardi N, et al. One patient out of four with newly diagnosed erectile dysfunction is a young man—worrisome picture from the everyday clinical practice. J Sex Med. 2013;10(7):1833–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. El-Sakka AI, Tayeb KA. Peyronie’s disease in diabetic patients being screened for erectile dysfunction. J Urol. 2005;174(3):1026–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Tal R, Heck M, Teloken P, Siegrist T, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP. Peyronie’s disease following radical prostatectomy: incidence and predictors. J Sex Med. 2010;7(3):1254–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Brant WO, Bella AJ, Garcia MM, Tantiwongse K, Dean RC, Lue TF. Isolated septal fibrosis or hematoma—atypical Peyronie’s disease? J Urol. 2007;177(1):179–82. discussion 83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kadioglu A, Sanli O, Akman T, Canguven O, Aydin M, Akbulut F, et al. Factors affecting the degree of penile deformity in Peyronie disease: an analysis of 1001 patients. J Androl. 2011;32(5):502–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kadioglu A, Tefekli A, Erol B, Oktar T, Tunc M, Tellaloglu S. A retrospective review of 307 men with Peyronie’s disease. J Urol. 2002;168(3):1075–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kadioglu A, Tefekli A, Cayan S, Kandirali E. Color Doppler ultrasound assessment of penile vascular system in men with Peyronie’s disease. Int J Impot Res. 2000;12:263–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nelson CJ, Diblasio C, Kendirci M, Hellstrom W, Guhring P, Mulhall JP. The chronology of depression and distress in men with Peyronie’s disease. J Sex Med. 2008;5(8):1985–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Smith JF, Walsh TJ, Conti SL, Turek P, Lue T. Risk factors for emotional and relationship problems in Peyronie’s disease. J Sex Med. 2008;5(9):2179–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Hellstrom WJ, Feldman R, Rosen RC, Smith T, Kaufman G, Tursi J. Bother and distress associated with Peyronie’s disease: validation of the Peyronie’s disease questionnaire. J Urol. 2013;190(2):627–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Coyne KS, Currie BM, Thompson CL, Smith TM. Responsiveness of the Peyronie’s disease questionnaire (PDQ). J Sex Med. 2015;12(4):1072–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bacal V, Rumohr J, Sturm R, Lipshultz LI, Schumacher M, Grober ED. Correlation of degree of penile curvature between patient estimates and objective measures among men with Peyronie’s disease. J Sex Med. 2009;6(3):862–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hakim L. Peyronie’s disease: an update—the role of diagnostics. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14:321–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Pryor J. Clinical presentations of Peyronie’s disease. Int J Impot Res. 2002;14:414–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Andresen R. Imaging modalities in Peyronie’s disease. An interpersonal comparison of ultrasound sonography, X-ray mammography technique, computerized tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance in 20 patients. Eur Urol. 1998;34:128–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hauck E. Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in Peyronie’s disease—a comparison both with palpation and ultrasound in the evaluation of plaque formation. Eur Urol. 2003;43(3):293–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bertolotto M. Painful penile induration: imaging findings and management. Radiographics. 2009;29:477–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bekos A, Arvaniti M, Hatzimouratidis K, Moysidis K, Tzortzis V, Hatzichristou D. The natural history of Peyronie’s disease: an ultrasonography-based study. Eur Urol. 2008;53(3):644–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Breyer BN, Shindel AW, Huang YC, Eisenberg ML, Weiss DA, Lue TF, et al. Are sonographic characteristics associated with progression to surgery in men with Peyronie’s disease? J Urol. 2010;183(4):1484–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Trost LW, Gur S, Hellstrom WJ. Pharmacological management of Peyronie’s disease. Drugs. 2007;67:527–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Azzi A. Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopherol action. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;43(1):16–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Inal T, Tokatli Z, Akand M, Ozdiler E, Yaman O. Effect of intralesional interferon-alpha 2b combined with oral vitamin E for treatment of early stage Peyronie’s disease: a randomized and prospective study. Urology. 2006;67(5):1038–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Safarinejad MR, Hosseini SY, Kolahi AA. Comparison of vitamin E and propionyl-l-carnitine, separately or in combination, in patients with early chronic Peyronie’s disease: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2007;178:1398–403.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Prieto Castro RM, Leva Vallejo ME, Regueiro Lopez JC, Anglada Curado FJ, Alvarez Kindelan J, Requena Tapia MJ. Combined treatment with vitamin E and colchicine in the early stages of Peyronie’s disease. BJU Int. 2003;91:522–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Brigelius-Flohe R. Adverse effects of vitamin E by induction of drug metabolism. Genes Nutr. 2007;2(3):249–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Bremer J. Carntine—metabolism and functions. Physiol Rev. 1983;63(4):1421–80.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cavallini G, Biagiotti G, Koverech A, Vitali G. Oral propionyl-l-carnitine and intraplaque verapamil in the therapy of advanced and resistant Peyronie’s disease. BJU Int. 2002;89:895–900.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Biagiotti G, Cavallini G. Acetyl-L-carnitine vs tamoxifen in the oral therapy of Peyronie’s disease: a preliminary report. BJU Int. 2001;88:63–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Karlic H, Lohninger A. Supplementation of L-carnitine in athletes: does it make sense? Nutrition. 2004;20(7–8):709–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Wagenknecht LV. Differential therapies in various stages of penile induration. Arch Esp Urol. 1996;49(3):285–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Carson CC. Potassium para-aminobenzoate for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease: is it effective? Tech Urol. 1997;3(3):135–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Weidner W, Ekkehard WH, Schnitker J. Potassium paraaminobenzoate (POTABA) in the treatment of Peyronie’s disease: a prospective. Placebo-controlled randomized study. Eur Urol. 2005;47:530–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. McCarty MF. Interleukin-6 as a central mediator of cardiovascular risk associated with chronic inflammation, smoking, diabetes, and visceral obesity: down-regulation with essential fatty acids, ethanol and pentoxifylline. Med Hypotheses. 1999;52(5):465–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Delanian S, Porcher R, Balba-Mekias S, Lefair J. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of combined pentoxifylline and tocopherol for regression of superficial radiation-induced fibrosis. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(13):2545–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Tittelbach J, Graefe T, Wollina U. Painful ulcers in calciphylaxis—combined treatment with maggot therapy and oral pentoxifylline. J Dermatolog Treat. 2001;12(4):211–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Aygenc E, Celikkanat S, MKaymakci M, Aksaray F, Ozdem C. Prophylactic effect of pentoxifylline on radiotherapy complications: a clinical study. Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(3):351–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Boldt J, Brosch C, Piper SN, Suttner S, Lehmann A, Werline C. Influence of prophylactic use of pentoxifylline on postoperative organ function in elderly cardiac surgery patients. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(5):952–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Noel C, Copin M, Hazzan M, Labalette M, Susen S, Lelievre G, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of pentoxifylline during human allograft rejection: involvement of tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] and adhesion molecules. Transplantation. 2000;69(6):1102–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Valente E, Vernet D, Ferrini M, Qian A, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid F. L-arginine and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors counteract fibrosis in the Peyronie’s fibrotic plaque and related fibroblast cultures. Nitric Oxide. 2003;9:229–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Takami M, Cho ES, Lee SY, Kamijo R, Yim M. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors stimulate osteoclast formation via TRANCE/RANKL expression in osteoblasts: possible involvement of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. FEBS Lett. 2005;579:832–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Rajfer J, Gore J, Kaugman J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Case report: Avoidance of palpable corporal fibrosis due to priapism with upregulators of nitric oxide. J Sex Med. 2005;3:173–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Brant WO, Dean RC, Lue TF. Treatment of Peyronie’s disease with oral pentoxifylline. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2006;3(2):111–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Colletta AA, Wakefield LM, Howell F, Roozendaal KOE, Danielpour D, Ebbs SR, et al. Anti-oestrogens induce that secretion of active transformation growth factor beta from human fetal fibroblasts. Br J Cancer. 1990;62:405–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Hauck EW, Diemer T, Schmelz HU, Weidner W. A critical analysis of nonsurgical treatment of Peyronie’s disease. Eur Urol. 2006;49(6):987–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Diegelmann R, Peterkofsky B. Inhibition of collagen secretion from bone and cultured fibroblasts by microtubular disruptive drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972;69(4):892–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Safarinejad MR. Therapeutic effects of colchicine in the management of Peyronie’s disease: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Impot Res. 2004;16(3):238–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Rajfer J. Treatment of Peyronie’s disease with PDE5 inhibitors: an antifibrotic strategy. Nat Rev Urol. 2010;7(4):215–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Montorsi R, Corbin J, Phillips S. Review of phosphodiesterases in the urogenital system: new directions for therapeutic intervention. J Sex Med. 2004;1:322–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Chung E, Deyoung L, Brock GB. The role of PDE5 inhibitors in penile septal scar remodeling: assessment of clinical and radiological outcomes. J Sex Med. 2011;8(5):1472–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Lee RC, Ping JA. Calcium antagonists retard extracellular matrix production in connective tissue equivalent. J Surg Res. 1990;49(5):463–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Rehman J, Benet A, Melman A. Use of intralesional verapamil to dissolve Peyronie’s disease plaque: a long-term single-blind study. Urology. 1998;51(4):620–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Cavallini G, Modenini F, Vitali G. Open preliminary randomized prospective clinical trial of efficacy and safety of three different verapamil dilutions for intraplaque therapy of Peyronie’s disease. Urology. 2007;69(5):950–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Russell S, Steers W, McVary KT. Systematic evidence-based analysis of plaque injection therapy for Peyronie’s disease. Eur Urol. 2007;51(3):640–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Duncan MR, Hasan A, Berman B. Pentoxifylline, pentifylline, and interferons decrease type I and III procollagen mRNA levels in dermal fibroblasts: evidence for mediation by nuclear factor 1 down-regulation. J Invest Dermatol. 1995;104(2):282–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Duncan MR, Berman B, Nseyo UO. Regulation of the proliferation and biosynthetic activities of cultured human Peyronie’s disease fibroblasts by interferons-alpha, -beta and -gamma. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1991;25(2):89–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Hellstrom WJG, Kendirci M, Matern R, Cockerham Y, Myers L, Sikka SC, et al. Single-blind, multicenter, placebo controlled, parallel study to assess the safety and efficacy of intralesional interferon α-2b for minimally invasive treatment for Peyronie’s disease. J Urol. 2006;176(1):394–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Gelbard M, Walsh R, Kaufman JJ. Clostridial collagenase and Peyronie disease. Urology. 1980;15(5):536.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Gelbard MK, Walsh R, Kaufman G. Collagenase for Peyronie’s disease experimental studies. Urol Res. 1982;10(3):135–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Gelbard MK, Lindner A, Kaufman JJ. The use of collagenase in the treatment of Peyronie’s disease. J Urol. 1985;134(2):280–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Gelbard M, Goldstein I, Hellstrom WJ, McMahon CG, Smith T, Tursi J, et al. Clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of collagenase clostridium histolyticum for the treatment of Peyronie disease in 2 large double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled phase 3 studies. J Urol. 2013;190(1):199–207.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Bartsch G, Menander-Huber KB, Huber W, Marberger H. Orgotein, a new drug for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1981;4(2):250–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Gustafson H, Johansson B, Edsmyr F. Peyronie’s disease: experience of local treatment with Orgotein. Eur Urol. 1981;7(6):dd346–8.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Francesco M, Salonia A, Guazzoni G, Barbeiri L, Colombo R, Brausi M, et al. Transdermal electromotive multi-drug administration for Peyronie’s disease: preliminary results. J Androl. 2000;21:85–90.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Riedl CR, Sternig P, Galle G, Langmann F, Vcelar B, Vorauer K, et al. Liposomal recombinant human superoxide dismutase for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind prospective clinical study. Eur Urol. 2005;48(4):656–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Stephen RL, Capelli G, Giurioli A, Jannini EA, et al. A prospective, randomized study using transdermal electromotive administration of verapamil and dexamethasone for Peyronie’s disease. J Urol. 2004;171(4):1605–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Greenfield JM, Shah SJ, Levine LA. Verapamil versus saline in electromotive drug administration for Peyronie’s disease: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. J Urol. 2007;177(8):972–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Fitch III WP, Easterling WJ, Talbert RL, Bordovsky MJ, Mosier M. Topical verapamil HCl, topical trifluoperazine, and topical magnesium sulfate for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease—a placebo-controlled pilot study. J Sex Med. 2007;4(2):477–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Martin DJ, Badwan K, Parker M, Mulhall JP. Transdermal application of verapamil gel to the penile shaft fails to infiltrate the tunica albuginea. J Urol. 2002;168(6):2483–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Gontero P, Di Marco M, Giubilei G, Bartoletti R, Pappagallo G, Tizzani A, et al. Use of penile extender device in the treatment of penile curvature as a result of Peyronie’s disease. Results of a phase II prospective study. J Sex Med. 2009;6(2):558–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Levine LA, Newell M, Taylor FL. Penile traction therapy for treatment of Peyronie’s disease: a single-center pilot study. J Sex Med. 2008;5(6):1468–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Claro J, Passerotti C, Figueiredo Neto A, Nardozza A, Ortiz V, Srougi M. An alternative non-invasive treatment for Peyronie’s disease. Int Braz J Urol. 2004;30(3):199–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Abdel-Salam Y, Budair Z, Renner C, Frede T, Rassweiler J, El-Annany F, et al. Treatment of Peyronie’s disease by extracorporeal shockwave therapy: evaluation of our preliminary results. J Endourol. 1999;13(8):549–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Skolarikos A, Alargof E, Rigas A, Deliveliotis C, Konstantinidis E. Shockwave therapy as first-line treatment for Peyronie’s disease: a prospective study. J Endourol. 2005;19(1):11–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Hatzichristodoulou G, Meisner C, Gschwend JE, Stenzl A, Lahme S. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in Peyronie’s disease: results of a placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized, single-blind study. J Sex Med. 2013;10(11):2815–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84134, USA

    James R. Craig MD

  2. Department of Surgery, Center for Reconstructive Urology and Men’s Health, University of Utah, 30 E 1900 E, Room 3B420, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    William O. Brant MD, FACS, FECSM

  3. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus, Suite A610, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    James F. Smith MD, MS

  4. Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco Hospitals, 400 Parnasss Ave, Suite A610, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0738, USA

    Tom F. Lue MD

Authors
  1. James R. Craig MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. William O. Brant MD, FACS, FECSM
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. James F. Smith MD, MS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tom F. Lue MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James R. Craig MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

    Tobias S. Köhler

  2. Division of Urology Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Hospital Affiliates, Springfield, Illinois, USA

    Kevin T. McVary

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Craig, J.R., Brant, W.O., Smith, J.F., Lue, T.F. (2016). Peyronie’s Disease: Natural History, Diagnosis, and Medical Therapy. In: Köhler, T., McVary, K. (eds) Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31587-4_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31587-4_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31585-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31587-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation