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Modification of Electrode Surfaces with Metallo Phthalocyanine Nanomaterial Hybrids

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Electrochemistry of N4 Macrocyclic Metal Complexes

Abstract

The chapter reviews an electrocatalytic behavior of mononuclear metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) when combined with various nanomaterials. In addition, the chapter presents electrode modification using the least studied, binuclear phthalocyanines alone or in the presence of nanomaterials. The nanomaterials included are carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, and semiconductor quantum dots. Different methods of electrode modification using MPc complexes in the presence of nanomaterials are presented. Methods of characterization of the modified electrodes, such as different types of microscopy, voltammetry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are presented. The chapter contains tables listing the reported electrode modification methods using MPcs in the presence on nanomaterials, and analytes detected on these electrodes. The chapter contains 149 references.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscope

BiPc:

Binuclear phthalocyanine

BPPGE:

Basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CPE:

Carbon paste electrode

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

DDAB:

Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide

DEAET:

Diethylaminoethanol

DMAET:

Dimethylaminoethanol

EPPGE:

Edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

GO:

Graphene oxide

GOD:

Glucose oxidase

HOMO:

Highest occupied molecular orbital

LUMO:

Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

MAPc:

Tris(benzyl-mercapto)-monoaminophthalocyanine

MCPc:

Tris(benzyl-mercapto)-mono(carboxy phenoxy)-phthalocyanine

MIP:

Molecular imprinted polymer

MPS:

Mercaptopropyl-silica

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes

OBSPc:

Octabutylsuphonyl phthalocyanine

OCPc:

Octacarboxy phthalocyanine

ODPc:

Octadecylphthalocyanine

ODTPc:

Octakis(decylthio) phthalocyanine

OHETPc:

Octa(hydroxyethylthio) pthalocyanine

OMC:

Ordered mesoporous carbon

oPD:

O-phenylenediamine

PoPD:

Poly(o-phenylenediamine)

OPhTPc:

Octakis(phenylthio) phthalocyanine

ORR:

Oxygen reduction reaction

Pc:

Phthalocyanine

PAMAN:

Poly(amido amine)

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxytheophene)

PPy:

Poly (pyrrole)

QCA:

Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid

QD:

Quantum dots

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

SAM:

Self-assembled monolayer

SECM:

Scanning electrochemical microscope

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SPE:

Screen-printed electrode

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

TAPc:

Tetraamino phthalocyanine

TCPc:

Tetracarboxy phthalocyanine

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TOBPc:

2,(3)-tetra-(4-oxo-benzamide) phthalocyanine

TPPc:

2,9,16,23-tetra-iso-pentyloxyphthalocyanine

TSPc:

Tetrasulphophthalocyanine

TtBPc:

Tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine

UME:

Ultramicro electrode

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa through DST/NRF South African Research Chairs Initiative for Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Nanotechnology (NRF 62620) as well as Rhodes University.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa

    Tebello Nyokong & Samson Khene

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  1. Tebello Nyokong
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Correspondence to Tebello Nyokong .

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  1. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jose H. Zagal

  2. CNRS-Chimie ParisTech, Paris, France

    Fethi Bedioui

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Nyokong, T., Khene, S. (2016). Modification of Electrode Surfaces with Metallo Phthalocyanine Nanomaterial Hybrids. In: Zagal, J., Bedioui, F. (eds) Electrochemistry of N4 Macrocyclic Metal Complexes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31332-0_6

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