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Cryoglobulins and Cryoglobulinemia

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Nonmalignant Hematology

Abstract

Cryoglobulins are proteins that can undergo reversible precipitation from the serum upon cooling to a temperature lower than 37 °C. These proteins are composed of immunoglobulins with or without a mixture of complement proteins. Wintrobe and Buell first described this cryoprecipitation phenomenon in 1933 in a patient with multiple myeloma who presented with hyperviscosity-related symptoms (Wintrobe and Buell 1933). It was Lerner and Watson who coined the term “cryoglobulin” in 1947 (Lerner and Watson 1947). Strictly, the term “cryoglobulinemia” refers to the presence of cryoglobulins in serum. However, it is commonly used to refer to a syndrome whose symptoms are a consequence of these cryoglobulins. This condition was first described by Meltzer and Franklin in 29 patients with serum cryoglobulins and a common pattern of symptoms that comprised of purpura, arthralgias, and weakness in the presence of elevated rheumatoid factor and end-organ dysfunction such as neuropathy and renal disease (Meltzer and Franklin 1966). This chapter will attempt to answer some of the key clinical questions that arise among physicians taking care of patients with cryoglobulinemia syndrome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Wilson I. Gonsalves & Morie A. Gertz

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  1. Wilson I. Gonsalves
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Correspondence to Wilson I. Gonsalves .

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  1. Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantion, Zion, Illinois, USA

    Syed A. Abutalib

  2. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Jean M. Connors

  3. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Margaret V. Ragni

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Gonsalves, W.I., Gertz, M.A. (2016). Cryoglobulins and Cryoglobulinemia. In: Abutalib, S., Connors, J., Ragni, M. (eds) Nonmalignant Hematology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30352-9_54

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